PMID- 30357914
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20190610
LR  - 20191210
IS  - 1099-1077 (Electronic)
IS  - 0885-6222 (Linking)
VI  - 33
IP  - 6
DP  - 2018 Nov
TI  - Independent elevation of peripheral oxytocin concentrations and reduction in 
      cognitive empathy during 4-fluoroamphetamine intoxication.
PG  - e2680
LID - 10.1002/hup.2680 [doi]
AB  - OBJECTIVES: 4-Fluoroamphetamine (4-FA) is a novel psychoactive substance with a 
      pharmacological profile and reported subjective effects (e.g., empathy) 
      intermediate between 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and amphetamine. 
      Studies have shown that MDMA and amphetamine increase emotional empathy without 
      affecting cognitive empathy; MDMA simultaneously leads to elevated levels of 
      oxytocin, unrelated to its behavioral effects. The aim of the present study was 
      to assess the reported enhancement of empathy by 4-FA, to assess its effects on 
      oxytocin, and to test potential associations between both. METHODS: Twelve 
      healthy poly-drug users were included in a double-blind placebo-controlled 
      two-way crossover study. Treatments were 4-FA (100 mg) and placebo; empathy was 
      assessed by means of the multifaceted empathy test, and blood samples were taken 
      before and after treatment administration to determine oxytocin concentrations. 
      RESULTS: 4-FA reduced cognitive empathy, whereas emotional empathy was left 
      unaffected. One hour after treatment, plasma oxytocin levels were significantly 
      increased compared with placebo. Behavioral and hormonal effects were unrelated. 
      CONCLUSION: Although 4-FA shares its pharmacological mechanism with MDMA and 
      amphetamine, current findings seem to indicate that it affects empathy 
      differently. The 4-FA-induced increase in oxytocin levels was independent of 
      behavioral effects, which confirms previous findings that drug-induced effects on 
      peripheral oxytocin levels are not associated with empathy.
CI  - (c) 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
FAU - Dolder, Patrick C
AU  - Dolder PC
AD  - Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and 
      Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
FAU - de Sousa Fernandes Perna, Elizabeth B
AU  - de Sousa Fernandes Perna EB
AD  - Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and 
      Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
FAU - Mason, Natasha L
AU  - Mason NL
AD  - Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and 
      Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
FAU - Hutten, Nadia R P W
AU  - Hutten NRPW
AD  - Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and 
      Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
FAU - Toennes, Stefan W
AU  - Toennes SW
AD  - Department of Forensic Toxicology, Institute of Legal Medicine, Goethe University 
      of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
FAU - Theunissen, Eef L
AU  - Theunissen EL
FAU - Ramaekers, Johannes G
AU  - Ramaekers JG
AD  - Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and 
      Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
FAU - Kuypers, Kim P C
AU  - Kuypers KPC
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7634-3809
AD  - Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and 
      Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Randomized Controlled Trial
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20181025
PL  - England
TA  - Hum Psychopharmacol
JT  - Human psychopharmacology
JID - 8702539
RN  - 0 (Amphetamines)
RN  - 0 (Central Nervous System Stimulants)
RN  - 0 (Illicit Drugs)
RN  - 50-56-6 (Oxytocin)
RN  - S5744XYR1Z (4-fluoroamphetamine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Amphetamines/administration & dosage/*pharmacology
MH  - Central Nervous System Stimulants/administration & dosage/*pharmacology
MH  - Cognition/drug effects
MH  - Cross-Over Studies
MH  - Double-Blind Method
MH  - Emotions/drug effects
MH  - Empathy/*drug effects
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Illicit Drugs
MH  - Male
MH  - Oxytocin/blood/*drug effects
MH  - Young Adult
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - 4-fluoroamphetamine
OT  - cognitive and emotional empathy
OT  - multifaceted empathy test
OT  - novel psychoactive substance
OT  - peripheral oxytocin concentration
EDAT- 2018/10/26 06:00
MHDA- 2019/06/14 06:00
CRDT- 2018/10/26 06:00
PHST- 2018/06/26 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2018/09/17 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2018/10/01 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2018/10/26 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/06/14 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2018/10/26 06:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1002/hup.2680 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Hum Psychopharmacol. 2018 Nov;33(6):e2680. doi: 10.1002/hup.2680. Epub 2018 Oct 
      25.