PMID- 30360618 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE DCOM- 20190125 LR - 20190125 IS - 1520-5827 (Electronic) IS - 0743-7463 (Linking) VI - 34 IP - 46 DP - 2018 Nov 20 TI - Investigating the Association Mechanism between Rafoxanide and Povidone. PG - 13971-13978 LID - 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b03174 [doi] AB - The low aqueous solubility of most hydrophobic medications limits their oral absorption. An approach to solve this problem is to make a drug-polymer association. Herein, we investigated the association between rafoxanide (RAF), a surface-active, poorly water-soluble drug, with a commercial hydrophilic polymer povidone. We found that the association is a function of medium composition and could only take place in polar media, such as water. The association is favored by the hydrogen-bond formation between the amide group in RAF and the carbonyl group in povidone. In addition, the association is also favored by the self-association of RAF through pi-pi interaction between the benzene rings in adjacent RAF molecules. Two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance has been applied to investigate the interactions and has confirmed our hypotheses. Geometry optimization confirmed that RAF exists primarily in the antiparallel configuration in the RAF aggregates. This study provides critical information for designing suitable drug-vehicle complexes and engineering the interactions between them to maximize the oral absorption. Our results shed light on drug design and delivery, drug molecule structure-functionality relationship, as well as efficacy enhancement toward interaction engineering. FAU - Meng, Fan AU - Meng F AD - Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy , The University of Texas at Austin , University Avenue , 2409 Austin , Texas , United States. FAU - Jing, Zhifeng AU - Jing Z AD - Biomedical Engineering , The University of Texas at Austin , 107 W. Dean Keeton Street , 2409 Austin , Texas , United States. FAU - Ferreira, Rui AU - Ferreira R AD - Hovione LLC , 40 Lake Drive , East Windsor , New Jersey 08520 , United States. FAU - Ren, Pengyu AU - Ren P AD - Biomedical Engineering , The University of Texas at Austin , 107 W. Dean Keeton Street , 2409 Austin , Texas , United States. FAU - Zhang, Feng AU - Zhang F AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5377-5841 AD - Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy , The University of Texas at Austin , University Avenue , 2409 Austin , Texas , United States. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20181109 PL - United States TA - Langmuir JT - Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids JID - 9882736 EDAT- 2018/10/27 06:00 MHDA- 2018/10/27 06:01 CRDT- 2018/10/27 06:00 PHST- 2018/10/27 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2018/10/27 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2018/10/27 06:00 [entrez] AID - 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b03174 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Langmuir. 2018 Nov 20;34(46):13971-13978. doi: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b03174. Epub 2018 Nov 9.