PMID- 30371847
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20190111
LR  - 20191210
IS  - 1945-2403 (Electronic)
IS  - 0146-4760 (Linking)
VI  - 42
IP  - 8
DP  - 2018 Oct 1
TI  - The Detection of Novel Stimulants in Oral Fluid from Users Reporting Ecstasy, 
      Molly and MDMA Ingestion.
PG  - 544-553
LID - 10.1093/jat/bky051 [doi]
AB  - "Ecstasy" and "Molly" are common drug slang terms used among club and rave 
      cultures to denote preparations believed to contain 
      3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). However, users of Ecstasy and Molly 
      have increasingly tested positive for novel psychoactive substances (NPS), 
      notably novel stimulants. To evaluate hypothesized non-specific and 
      interchangeable use of the terms Ecstasy, Molly and MDMA, self-reported drug use 
      was compared against toxicological findings in biological specimens. Oral fluid 
      specimens were collected from participants attending large multi-day electronic 
      dance music festivals in Miami, FL; Tampa, FL; and Atlanta, GA. Participants 
      additionally completed a structured survey about recent recreational drug use. 
      Collected specimens were screened for therapeutic drugs, common drugs of abuse 
      and NPS using liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry 
      (LC-QTOF). Positive screen results were confirmed by validated liquid 
      chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) methods for MDMA, MDA, 
      methylone, dimethylone, ethylone, butylone, dibutylone, eutylone, pentylone, 
      N-ethyl pentylone (ephylone), alpha-PVP and 4-fluoroamphetamine (4-FA). During 
      this 4-year study, 223 participants provided an oral fluid specimen and indicated 
      recent use of Ecstasy, Molly and/or MDMA/MDA. Of these subjects, 203 (91.0%) 
      indicated only one of these drug terms; while 20 (9.0%) participants indicated a 
      combination of multiple terms. Of the 203 participants designating only one drug 
      term, 123 (60.6%) reported Molly use, 55 (27.1%) reported MDMA use and 25 (12.3%) 
      reported Ecstasy use. Seven participants reported the use of MDA, but these 
      responses were paired with MDMA responses due to detection of MDA as a metabolite 
      of MDMA. The results from this study indicate that there are inconsistencies 
      between admission to drug use and toxicological findings in this population. Of 
      the 223 participants who indicated use of Ecstasy, Molly and/or MDMA/MDA, MDMA 
      without a novel stimulant was confirmed in 121 (54.3%) participants, while 66 
      (29.6%) tested positive for at least one novel stimulant.
FAU - Krotulski, Alex J
AU  - Krotulski AJ
AD  - Center for Forensic Science Research and Education at the Fredric Rieders Family 
      Foundation, 2300 Stratford Ave, Willow Grove, PA, USA.
AD  - Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, 
      PA, USA.
FAU - Mohr, Amanda L A
AU  - Mohr ALA
AD  - Center for Forensic Science Research and Education at the Fredric Rieders Family 
      Foundation, 2300 Stratford Ave, Willow Grove, PA, USA.
FAU - Fogarty, Melissa F
AU  - Fogarty MF
AD  - Center for Forensic Science Research and Education at the Fredric Rieders Family 
      Foundation, 2300 Stratford Ave, Willow Grove, PA, USA.
FAU - Logan, Barry K
AU  - Logan BK
AD  - Center for Forensic Science Research and Education at the Fredric Rieders Family 
      Foundation, 2300 Stratford Ave, Willow Grove, PA, USA.
AD  - NMS Labs, 3701 Welsh Rd, Willow Grove, PA, USA.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - England
TA  - J Anal Toxicol
JT  - Journal of analytical toxicology
JID - 7705085
RN  - 0 (Central Nervous System Stimulants)
RN  - 0 (Illicit Drugs)
RN  - KE1SEN21RM (N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Central Nervous System Stimulants/*analysis
MH  - Forensic Toxicology/*methods
MH  - Humans
MH  - Illicit Drugs/*analysis
MH  - N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine/*analysis
MH  - Reproducibility of Results
MH  - Saliva/*chemistry
MH  - Specimen Handling
MH  - Substance Abuse Detection/*methods
EDAT- 2018/10/30 06:00
MHDA- 2019/01/12 06:00
CRDT- 2018/10/30 06:00
PHST- 2018/03/01 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2018/07/16 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2018/10/30 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2018/10/30 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/01/12 06:00 [medline]
AID - 5145131 [pii]
AID - 10.1093/jat/bky051 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Anal Toxicol. 2018 Oct 1;42(8):544-553. doi: 10.1093/jat/bky051.