PMID- 30386523
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20220321
IS  - 1989-5488 (Print)
IS  - 1989-5488 (Electronic)
IS  - 1989-5488 (Linking)
VI  - 10
IP  - 9
DP  - 2018 Sep
TI  - Salivary glucose as a non-invasive biomarker of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
PG  - e902-e907
LID - 10.4317/jced.55009 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: Every year, millions of people are diagnosed with Diabetes mellitus 
      (DM) and the number of new and undiagnosed cases continue to rise. Diagnosis of 
      diabetes is usually performed by blood glucose analysis after fasting for a 
      certain period. However, this method uses an invasive technique that can cause 
      discomfort and even trauma to some patients which could eventually lead to 
      behavioral changes such as avoidance of healthcare and laboratory testing. 
      Studies that explore the diagnostic value of salivary glucose are promising due 
      to the non-invasiveness of the test procedures and its potential correlation with 
      blood results. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study conducted aimed to determine if 
      salivary glucose can be utilized as an alternative to blood glucose in the 
      screening, diagnosis, and monitoring of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A total 
      of 75 participants were recruited and equally divided into 3 groups (normal 
      fasting glucose, impaired fasting glucose, and provisional DM) based on their 
      fasting blood glucose (FBG) level. Blood and unstimulated saliva were collected 
      from each participant and were subjected to glucose analysis using the routine 
      glucose oxidase-peroxidase method. RESULTS: Using Pearson's correlation and 
      linear regression, a high degree and significant correlation was observed between 
      blood and salivary glucose (r = 0.715, p<0.001). Further analysis showed that 
      salivary glucose is 88.5% sensitive and 61.5% specific with a positive predictive 
      value of 45.8%, and a negative predictive value of 97.1%. CONCLUSIONS: Salivary 
      glucose is comparable to blood glucose in diagnosing and monitoring T2DM and is 
      considered more advantageous than blood due to its non-invasive nature. Key 
      words:Saliva, glucose, non-invasive, diabetes.
FAU - Tiongco, Raphael-Enrique
AU  - Tiongco RE
AD  - Department of Medical Technology, College of Allied Medical Professions, Angeles 
      University Foundation, Angeles City, 2009, Philippines.
FAU - Bituin, Aira
AU  - Bituin A
AD  - Department of Medical Technology, College of Allied Medical Professions, Angeles 
      University Foundation, Angeles City, 2009, Philippines.
FAU - Arceo, Engracia
AU  - Arceo E
AD  - Department of Medical Technology, College of Allied Medical Professions, Angeles 
      University Foundation, Angeles City, 2009, Philippines.
FAU - Rivera, Nicole
AU  - Rivera N
AD  - Department of Medical Technology, College of Allied Medical Professions, Angeles 
      University Foundation, Angeles City, 2009, Philippines.
FAU - Singian, Eloisa
AU  - Singian E
AD  - Department of Medical Technology, College of Allied Medical Professions, Angeles 
      University Foundation, Angeles City, 2009, Philippines.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20180901
PL  - Spain
TA  - J Clin Exp Dent
JT  - Journal of clinical and experimental dentistry
JID - 101603132
PMC - PMC6203925
COIS- Conflict of interest statement: The authors of this article state that there was 
      no conflict of potential interest in conducting this research and its 
      publication.
EDAT- 2018/11/06 06:00
MHDA- 2018/11/06 06:01
PMCR- 2018/09/01
CRDT- 2018/11/03 06:00
PHST- 2018/05/13 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2018/08/14 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2018/11/03 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2018/11/06 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/11/06 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2018/09/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 55009 [pii]
AID - 10.4317/jced.55009 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - J Clin Exp Dent. 2018 Sep 1;10(9):e902-e907. doi: 10.4317/jced.55009. eCollection 
      2018 Sep.