PMID- 30414154 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20190605 LR - 20231110 IS - 1940-6029 (Electronic) IS - 1064-3745 (Print) IS - 1064-3745 (Linking) VI - 1890 DP - 2019 TI - Quantifying Tissue-Specific Overexpression of FOXO in Drosophila via mRNA Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization Using Branched DNA Probe Technology. PG - 171-190 LID - 10.1007/978-1-4939-8900-3_15 [doi] AB - While the highly conserved FOXO transcription factors have been studied in Drosophila melanogaster for decades, the ability to accurately control and measure their tissue-specific expression is often cumbersome due to a lack of reagents and to limited, nonhomogeneous samples. The need for quantitation within a distinct cell type is particularly important because transcription factors must be expressed in specific amounts to perform their functions properly. However, the inherent heterogeneity of many samples can make evaluating cell-specific FOXO and/or FOXO load difficult. Here, we describe an extremely sensitive fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) approach for visualizing and quantifying multiple mRNAs with single-cell resolution in adult Drosophila cardiomyocytes. The procedure relies upon branched DNA technology, which allows several fluorescent molecules to label an individual transcript, drastically increasing the signal-to-noise ratio compared to other FISH assays. This protocol can be modified for use in various small animal models, tissue types, and for assorted nucleic acids. FAU - Blice-Baum, Anna C AU - Blice-Baum AC AD - Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. anna.c.blice-baum@cabrini.edu. AD - Science Department, Iadarola Center for Science, Education and Technology, Cabrini University, Radnor, PA, USA. anna.c.blice-baum@cabrini.edu. FAU - Vogler, Georg AU - Vogler G AD - Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA. gvogler@sbpdiscovery.org. FAU - Viswanathan, Meera C AU - Viswanathan MC AD - Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. FAU - Trinh, Bosco AU - Trinh B AD - Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA. FAU - Limpitikul, Worawan B AU - Limpitikul WB AD - Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. FAU - Cammarato, Anthony AU - Cammarato A AD - Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. AD - Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. LA - eng GR - R01 HL124091/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - United States TA - Methods Mol Biol JT - Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) JID - 9214969 RN - 0 (DNA Probes) RN - 0 (Forkhead Transcription Factors) RN - 0 (RNA, Messenger) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - *DNA Probes MH - Drosophila melanogaster MH - Forkhead Transcription Factors/*genetics MH - *Gene Expression MH - In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence/*methods MH - Microscopy, Fluorescence MH - Myocardium/metabolism MH - Organ Specificity/genetics MH - RNA, Messenger/*genetics PMC - PMC7906431 MID - NIHMS1667824 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Branched DNA OT - Dorsal vessel OT - Drosophila melanogaster OT - FISH OT - Fluorescence in situ hybridization OT - Heart tube OT - RNAscope OT - ViewRNA OT - bDNA EDAT- 2018/11/11 06:00 MHDA- 2019/06/06 06:00 PMCR- 2021/02/25 CRDT- 2018/11/11 06:00 PHST- 2018/11/11 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2018/11/11 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2019/06/06 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2021/02/25 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.1007/978-1-4939-8900-3_15 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Methods Mol Biol. 2019;1890:171-190. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8900-3_15.