PMID- 30430906
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20190701
LR  - 20190701
IS  - 1532-4109 (Electronic)
IS  - 0360-1234 (Linking)
VI  - 54
IP  - 3
DP  - 2019
TI  - Exposure assessment of operators to pesticides in Kongou, a sub-watershed of 
      Niger River valley.
PG  - 176-186
LID - 10.1080/03601234.2018.1536581 [doi]
AB  - The use of pesticides in horticultural sector in Niger has become an integral 
      part of modern agriculture. Nevertheless, their inappropriate use can generate 
      negative health effects to operators. A study was carried out among Kongou 
      farmers in order to assess their potential dermal exposure (PDE). The UK-POEM 
      model was used to quantify the PDE during mixing/loading and application 
      according to the local practices. In order to determine which parts of the 
      operator body are subject to most contamination during spraying and to validate 
      the theoretical model used, a patch method was used with a tartrazine dye. The 
      deposits of the tartrazine on patches were measured by colorimetry thanks to the 
      absorbance value determined after their extraction in water and a calibration 
      curve. A total of ten spraying trials (five trials with the hand-held sprayer and 
      five others with the backpack sprayer) were performed by different producers at 
      0.5 and 1 m height for each trial. The survey shows that 92% of the farmers are 
      illiterate and the most common active substances identified are organophosphate 
      or pyrethroids insecticides. Seventy percent of operators do not use any personal 
      protective equipment (PPE) during mixing/loading or spraying. The predictive 
      systemic exposure levels vary from 0.0027 mg kg(-1) bw per day to 
      0.7692 mg kg(-1) bw per day for backpack sprayer and from 0.0261 mg kg(-1) bw per 
      day to 0.9788 mg kg(-1) bw per day for hand-held sprayer, several times higher 
      the Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (AOEL) for some actives substances. 
      Theoretical modeling indicates more exposure of operator by a hand-held sprayer 
      than a backpack sprayer. The patch method results show that the deposits of dye 
      increase when the position of sprayer nozzle increases from 0.5 to 1 m for the 
      two sprayers. All parts of the operator body are contaminated but lower body 
      parts and chest are the most exposed. The patch method results also show that 
      hand spraying contaminates operator more than backpack spraying, confirming the 
      results of the theoretical model.
FAU - Illyassou, Karimoun M
AU  - Illyassou KM
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-8014-421X
AD  - a GEMBLOUX Agro-Bio Tech/ULiege, Laboratoire de Phytopharmacie , Gembloux , 
      Belgium.
AD  - b Faculte des Sciences et Techniques, Laboratoire de Materiaux, Eau et 
      Environnement (LAMEE), Universite Abdou Moumouni , Niamey , Niger.
FAU - Adamou, Rabani
AU  - Adamou R
AD  - b Faculte des Sciences et Techniques, Laboratoire de Materiaux, Eau et 
      Environnement (LAMEE), Universite Abdou Moumouni , Niamey , Niger.
FAU - Schiffers, Bruno
AU  - Schiffers B
AD  - a GEMBLOUX Agro-Bio Tech/ULiege, Laboratoire de Phytopharmacie , Gembloux , 
      Belgium.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20181115
PL  - England
TA  - J Environ Sci Health B
JT  - Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B, Pesticides, food 
      contaminants, and agricultural wastes
JID - 7607167
RN  - 0 (Coloring Agents)
RN  - 0 (Pesticides)
RN  - I753WB2F1M (Tartrazine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Agriculture/instrumentation/*methods
MH  - Coloring Agents/analysis
MH  - *Farmers
MH  - Farms
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Niger
MH  - Occupational Exposure/*analysis
MH  - Personal Protective Equipment
MH  - Pesticides/*analysis
MH  - Skin/drug effects
MH  - Tartrazine/analysis
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Niger River valley
OT  - Pesticide
OT  - exposure assessment
OT  - operators
OT  - patch method
EDAT- 2018/11/16 06:00
MHDA- 2019/07/02 06:00
CRDT- 2018/11/16 06:00
PHST- 2018/11/16 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/07/02 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2018/11/16 06:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1080/03601234.2018.1536581 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Environ Sci Health B. 2019;54(3):176-186. doi: 10.1080/03601234.2018.1536581. 
      Epub 2018 Nov 15.