PMID- 30442605
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20200101
LR  - 20231006
IS  - 1525-8955 (Electronic)
IS  - 0885-3010 (Print)
IS  - 0885-3010 (Linking)
VI  - 66
IP  - 1
DP  - 2019 Jan
TI  - An FPGA-Based Backend System for Intravascular Photoacoustic and Ultrasound 
      Imaging.
PG  - 45-56
LID - 10.1109/TUFFC.2018.2881409 [doi]
AB  - The integration of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and intravascular 
      photoacoustic (IVPA) imaging produces an imaging modality with high sensitivity 
      and specificity which is particularly needed in interventional cardiology. 
      Conventional side-looking IVUS imaging with a single-element ultrasound (US) 
      transducer lacks forward-viewing capability, which limits the application of this 
      imaging mode in intravascular intervention guidance, Doppler-based flow 
      measurement, and visualization of nearly, or totally blocked arteries. For both 
      side-looking and forward-looking imaging, the necessity to mechanically scan the 
      US transducer limits the imaging frame rate, and therefore, array-based solutions 
      are desired. In this paper, we present a low-cost, compact, high-speed, and 
      programmable imaging system based on a field-programmable gate array suitable for 
      dual-mode forward-looking IVUS/IVPA imaging. The system has 16 US transmit and 
      receive channels and functions in multiple modes including interleaved 
      photoacoustic (PA) and US imaging, hardware-based high-frame-rate US imaging, 
      software-driven US imaging, and velocity measurement. The system is implemented 
      in the register-transfer level, and the central system controller is implemented 
      as a finite-state machine. The system was tested with a capacitive micromachined 
      ultrasonic transducer array. A 170-frames-per-second (FPS) US imaging frame rate 
      is achieved in the hardware-based high-frame-rate US imaging mode while the 
      interleaved PA and US imaging mode operates at a 60-FPS US and a laser-limited 
      20-FPS PA imaging frame rate. The performance of the system benefits from the 
      flexibility and efficiency provided by the low-level implementation. The 
      resulting system provides a convenient backend platform for research and clinical 
      IVPA and IVUS imaging.
FAU - Wu, Xun
AU  - Wu X
FAU - Sanders, Jean L
AU  - Sanders JL
FAU - Zhang, Xiao
AU  - Zhang X
FAU - Yamaner, Feysel Yalcin
AU  - Yamaner FY
FAU - Oralkan, Omer
AU  - Oralkan O
LA  - eng
GR  - R01 HL117740/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
DEP - 20181114
PL  - United States
TA  - IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control
JT  - IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control
JID - 9882735
SB  - IM
MH  - Algorithms
MH  - Equipment Design
MH  - Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/*methods
MH  - Phantoms, Imaging
MH  - Photoacoustic Techniques/instrumentation/*methods
MH  - Transducers
MH  - Ultrasonography, Interventional/instrumentation/*methods
PMC - PMC6384193
MID - NIHMS1519309
EDAT- 2018/11/18 06:00
MHDA- 2020/01/02 06:00
PMCR- 2020/01/01
CRDT- 2018/11/17 06:00
PHST- 2018/11/18 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/01/02 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2018/11/17 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1109/TUFFC.2018.2881409 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control. 2019 Jan;66(1):45-56. doi: 
      10.1109/TUFFC.2018.2881409. Epub 2018 Nov 14.