PMID- 30450098 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20191003 LR - 20191007 IS - 1664-3224 (Electronic) IS - 1664-3224 (Linking) VI - 9 DP - 2018 TI - Both Type I and Type II Interferons Can Activate Antitumor M1 Macrophages When Combined With TLR Stimulation. PG - 2520 LID - 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02520 [doi] LID - 2520 AB - Triggering or enhancing antitumor activity of tumor-associated macrophages is an attractive strategy for cancer treatment. We have previously shown that the cytokine interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), a type II IFN, could synergize with toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists for induction of antitumor M1 macrophages. However, the toxicity of IFN-gamma limits its clinical use. Here, we investigated whether the less toxic type I IFNs, IFN-alpha, and IFN-beta, could potentially replace IFN-gamma for induction of antitumor M1 macrophages. We measured in vitro the ability of type I and II IFNs to synergize with TLR agonists for transcription of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA and secretion of nitric oxide (NO) by mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). An in vitro growth inhibition assay was used to measure both cytotoxic and cytostatic activity of activated macrophages against Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cancer cells. We found that both type I and II IFNs could synergize with TLR agonists in inducing macrophage-mediated inhibition of cancer cell growth, which was dependent on NO. The ability of high dose lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce tumoricidal activity in macrophages in the absence of IFN-gamma was shown to depend on induction of autocrine type I IFNs. Antitumor M1 macrophages could also be generated in the absence of IFN-gamma by a combination of two TLR ligands when using the TLR3 agonist poly(I:C) which induces autocrine type I IFNs. Finally, we show that encapsulation of poly(I:C) into nanoparticles improved its potency to induce M1 macrophages up to 100-fold. This study reveals the potential of type I IFNs for activation of antitumor macrophages and indicates new avenues for cancer immunotherapy based on type I IFN signaling, including combination of TLR agonists. FAU - Muller, Elisabeth AU - Muller E AD - Tumor Immunology Lab, Department of Pathology, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. AD - Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. FAU - Speth, Martin AU - Speth M AD - Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. FAU - Christopoulos, Panagiotis F AU - Christopoulos PF AD - Tumor Immunology Lab, Department of Pathology, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. FAU - Lunde, Anna AU - Lunde A AD - Tumor Immunology Lab, Department of Pathology, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. FAU - Avdagic, Ajna AU - Avdagic A AD - Tumor Immunology Lab, Department of Pathology, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. FAU - Oynebraten, Inger AU - Oynebraten I AD - Tumor Immunology Lab, Department of Pathology, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. FAU - Corthay, Alexandre AU - Corthay A AD - Tumor Immunology Lab, Department of Pathology, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20181102 PL - Switzerland TA - Front Immunol JT - Frontiers in immunology JID - 101560960 RN - 0 (Interferon Type I) RN - 0 (Lipopolysaccharides) RN - 0 (Toll-Like Receptors) RN - 31C4KY9ESH (Nitric Oxide) RN - 82115-62-6 (Interferon-gamma) RN - EC 1.14.13.39 (Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II) RN - O84C90HH2L (Poly I-C) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/metabolism MH - Cell Line, Tumor MH - Cell Proliferation/drug effects/physiology MH - Interferon Type I/*metabolism MH - Interferon-gamma/*metabolism MH - Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology MH - Macrophage Activation/drug effects/*physiology MH - Macrophages/drug effects/*metabolism MH - Mice MH - Mice, Inbred C57BL MH - Nitric Oxide/metabolism MH - Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/metabolism MH - Poly I-C/metabolism MH - Signal Transduction/drug effects/physiology MH - Toll-Like Receptors/*metabolism PMC - PMC6224375 OTO - NOTNLM OT - cancer OT - immunotherapy OT - interferon-alpha OT - interferon-beta OT - interferon-gamma OT - macrophages OT - nitric oxide OT - toll-like receptors EDAT- 2018/11/20 06:00 MHDA- 2019/10/08 06:00 PMCR- 2018/01/01 CRDT- 2018/11/20 06:00 PHST- 2018/06/22 00:00 [received] PHST- 2018/10/12 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2018/11/20 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2018/11/20 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2019/10/08 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2018/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02520 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Front Immunol. 2018 Nov 2;9:2520. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02520. eCollection 2018.