PMID- 30450144
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20220330
IS  - 1874-3641 (Print)
IS  - 1874-3641 (Electronic)
IS  - 1874-3641 (Linking)
VI  - 12
DP  - 2018
TI  - Polymorphisms of Aldose Reductase (ALR2) Regulatory Gene are Risk Factors for 
      Diabetic Retinopathy in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Bali, Indonesia.
PG  - 281-288
LID - 10.2174/1874364101812010281 [doi]
AB  - AIM: The study aimed to elucidate whether the polymorphisms of the aldose 
      reductase regulatory gene were risk factors for Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) in 
      type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in Bali. METHODS: This is a case-control 
      study including 35 cases of T2DM patients with DR paired with 35 cases with 
      non-DR as controls. PCR analysis and DNA-sequencing were carried out to detect 
      the C(-106)T and C(-12)G polymorphisms at the regulatory region of Aldose 
      Reductase (ALR2) gene. Genotype and allele distributions were analyzed by 
      Chi-squared test and independent t-and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to analyze 
      other data. RESULTS: Among all subjects in both groups, the baseline 
      characteristics were homogenous except for systolic blood pressure, fasting blood 
      glucose and 2-hours post-prandial blood glucose. This study found two 
      polymorphisms, C(-104)T and C(-9)G, in the regulatory region of ALR2 gene. The 
      result showed that the C(-104)T polymorphism was a risk factor for DR (OR=36; 95% 
      CI = 4.43-292.85; p=0.001), but not the C(-9)G polymorphism (OR=1.28; 95% 
      CI=0.48-3.38; p=0.621). Other findings in the study revealed that CC/CC haplotype 
      is a protective factor for DR (OR=0.198; p=0.002), whereas CT/CC and CT/CG 
      haplotypes as risk factors for DR with OR=15.58; p=0.002 and OR=2.29; p=0.005 
      respectively. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that C(-104)T polymorphism in the 
      regulatory region of Aldose Reductase (ALR2) gene was the risk factor for DR 
      among T2DM patients in Bali, Indonesia. However, small sample size, systolic 
      blood pressure, fasting blood glucose and 2-hours post-prandial blood glucose 
      could affect our finding.
FAU - Wihandani, Desak Made
AU  - Wihandani DM
AD  - Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Jl. PB 
      Sudirman, Denpasar 80232, Bali, Indonesia.
FAU - Suastika, Ketut
AU  - Suastika K
AD  - Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, 
      Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Jl. PB Sudirman, and Sanglah Hospital, 
      Jl. Kesehatan, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia.
FAU - Agus Bagiada, I Nyoman
AU  - Agus Bagiada IN
AD  - Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Jl. PB 
      Sudirman, Denpasar 80232, Bali, Indonesia.
FAU - Malik, Safarina G
AU  - Malik SG
AD  - Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jl. Diponegoro 69, Jakarta 10430, 
      Indonesia.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20181018
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Open Ophthalmol J
JT  - The open ophthalmology journal
JID - 101480505
PMC - PMC6198411
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - ALR2 gene
OT  - C(-104)T polymorphism
OT  - C(-9)G polymorphism
OT  - Diabetic retinopathy
OT  - PCR
OT  - Type-2 diabetes mellitus
EDAT- 2018/11/20 06:00
MHDA- 2018/11/20 06:01
PMCR- 2018/01/01
CRDT- 2018/11/20 06:00
PHST- 2018/07/24 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2018/08/13 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2018/09/12 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2018/11/20 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2018/11/20 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/11/20 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2018/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - TOOPHTJ-12-281 [pii]
AID - 10.2174/1874364101812010281 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Open Ophthalmol J. 2018 Oct 18;12:281-288. doi: 10.2174/1874364101812010281. 
      eCollection 2018.