PMID- 30457939
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20200730
LR  - 20221207
IS  - 1547-0164 (Electronic)
IS  - 0889-7077 (Print)
IS  - 0889-7077 (Linking)
VI  - 40
IP  - 3
DP  - 2019
TI  - 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; ecstasy) use and transitions to 
      injection drug use among street-involved youth.
PG  - 350-355
LID - 10.1080/08897077.2018.1528493 [doi]
AB  - Background: Despite the popularity of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; 
      ecstasy) among young people across North America and Europe, MDMA is rarely 
      explored in studies of young people at high risk of injecting drugs. We conducted 
      a study among street-involved youth who use illicit drugs in Vancouver, Canada, 
      to understand if use of MDMA is associated with initiation of injection drugs. 
      Methods: We followed injection-naive participants in the At-Risk Youth Study 
      (ARYS), an ongoing prospective cohort of street-involved youth aged 14-26 who use 
      illicit drugs. Bivariate and multivariate extended Cox models with time-updated 
      variables were used to examine the association between MDMA use and initiation of 
      injection drug use between September 2005 and May 2015. Results: Among 483 youth, 
      306 (63.4%) had a history of MDMA use and 218 (45.1%) had used MDMA in the 
      previous 6 months at baseline. A total of 105 (21.7%) youth initiated injection 
      drug use over the 10-year period, yielding an incidence density of 8.51 (95% 
      confidence interval [CI]: 6.96-10.30) per 100 person-years. MDMA use was not 
      significantly associated with initiating injection drugs at the bivariate (hazard 
      ratio: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.61-1.42) or multivariate (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.88, 95% 
      CI: 0.57-1.35) level, after adjusting for socio-demographic and substance use 
      confounders. Conclusions: Amid ongoing frequent use of MDMA among some young 
      people in North America, we did not observe an elevated risk of injection 
      initiation among those who used MDMA in this cohort of street-involved youth.
FAU - Lake, Stephanie
AU  - Lake S
AD  - School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, 
      Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
AD  - British Columbia Centre on Substance Use (BCCSU), Vancouver, British Columbia, 
      Canada.
FAU - Gaddis, Andrew
AU  - Gaddis A
AD  - British Columbia Centre on Substance Use (BCCSU), Vancouver, British Columbia, 
      Canada.
AD  - Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and 
      State University, Roanoke, Virginia, USA.
FAU - Tupper, Kenneth W
AU  - Tupper KW
AD  - School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, 
      Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
AD  - British Columbia Centre on Substance Use (BCCSU), Vancouver, British Columbia, 
      Canada.
FAU - Nosova, Ekaterina
AU  - Nosova E
AD  - British Columbia Centre on Substance Use (BCCSU), Vancouver, British Columbia, 
      Canada.
FAU - DeBeck, Kora
AU  - DeBeck K
AD  - British Columbia Centre on Substance Use (BCCSU), Vancouver, British Columbia, 
      Canada.
AD  - School of Public Policy, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, 
      Canada.
LA  - eng
GR  - U01 DA038886/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - CIHR/Canada
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20181120
PL  - United States
TA  - Subst Abus
JT  - Substance abuse
JID - 8808537
RN  - KE1SEN21RM (N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Adult
MH  - Alcoholism/epidemiology
MH  - Amphetamine-Related Disorders/*epidemiology
MH  - British Columbia/epidemiology
MH  - Cocaine-Related Disorders/epidemiology
MH  - Educational Status
MH  - Employment/statistics & numerical data
MH  - Ethnicity/statistics & numerical data
MH  - Female
MH  - Follow-Up Studies
MH  - Heroin Dependence/epidemiology
MH  - Ill-Housed Persons/statistics & numerical data
MH  - Homeless Youth/*statistics & numerical data
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Marijuana Abuse/epidemiology
MH  - Multivariate Analysis
MH  - *N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine
MH  - Opioid-Related Disorders/epidemiology
MH  - Proportional Hazards Models
MH  - Sex Work/statistics & numerical data
MH  - Substance Abuse, Intravenous/*epidemiology
MH  - Young Adult
PMC - PMC6527501
MID - NIHMS1515184
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Adolescent
OT  - MDMA
OT  - N-methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine
OT  - ecstasy
OT  - injection drug use
OT  - youth
EDAT- 2018/11/21 06:00
MHDA- 2020/07/31 06:00
PMCR- 2020/01/01
CRDT- 2018/11/21 06:00
PHST- 2018/11/21 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/07/31 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2018/11/21 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1080/08897077.2018.1528493 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Subst Abus. 2019;40(3):350-355. doi: 10.1080/08897077.2018.1528493. Epub 2018 Nov 
      20.