PMID- 30459726
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20220408
IS  - 1664-302X (Print)
IS  - 1664-302X (Electronic)
IS  - 1664-302X (Linking)
VI  - 9
DP  - 2018
TI  - Comparative Genomics of Wolbachia-Cardinium Dual Endosymbiosis in a 
      Plant-Parasitic Nematode.
PG  - 2482
LID - 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02482 [doi]
LID - 2482
AB  - Wolbachia and Cardinium are among the most important and widespread of all 
      endosymbionts, occurring in nematodes and more than half of insect and arachnid 
      species, sometimes as coinfections. These symbionts are of significant interest 
      as potential biocontrol agents due to their abilities to cause major effects on 
      host biology and reproduction through cytoplasmic incompatibility, sex ratio 
      distortion, or obligate mutualism. The ecological and metabolic effects of 
      coinfections are not well understood. This study examined a Wolbachia-Cardinium 
      coinfection in the plant-parasitic nematode (PPN), Pratylenchus penetrans, 
      producing the first detailed study of such a coinfection using fluorescence in 
      situ hybridization (FISH), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and comparative 
      genomic analysis. Results from FISH and single-nematode PCR showed 123/127 
      individuals in a focal population carried Cardinium (denoted strain cPpe), and 
      48% were coinfected with Wolbachia strain wPpe. Both endosymbionts showed 
      dispersed tissue distribution with highest densities in the anterior intestinal 
      walls and gonads. Phylogenomic analyses confirmed an early place of cPpe and long 
      distance from a sister strain in another PPN, Heterodera glycines, supporting a 
      long history of both Cardinium and Wolbachia in PPNs. The genome of cPpe was 1.36 
      Mbp with 35.8% GC content, 1,131 predicted genes, 41% having no known function, 
      and missing biotin and lipoate synthetic capacity and a plasmid present in other 
      strains, despite having a slightly larger genome compared to other sequenced 
      Cardinium. The larger genome revealed expansions of gene families likely involved 
      in host-cellular interactions. More than 2% of the genes of cPpe and wPpe were 
      identified as candidate horizontally transferred genes, with some of these from 
      eukaryotes, including nematodes. A model of the possible Wolbachia-Cardinium 
      interaction is proposed with possible complementation in function for pathways 
      such as methionine and fatty acid biosynthesis and biotin transport.
FAU - Brown, Amanda M V
AU  - Brown AMV
AD  - Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United 
      States.
FAU - Wasala, Sulochana K
AU  - Wasala SK
AD  - Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United 
      States.
FAU - Howe, Dana K
AU  - Howe DK
AD  - Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United 
      States.
FAU - Peetz, Amy B
AU  - Peetz AB
AD  - USDA-ARS Horticultural Crops Research Laboratory, Corvallis, OR, United States.
FAU - Zasada, Inga A
AU  - Zasada IA
AD  - USDA-ARS Horticultural Crops Research Laboratory, Corvallis, OR, United States.
FAU - Denver, Dee R
AU  - Denver DR
AD  - Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United 
      States.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20181016
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Front Microbiol
JT  - Frontiers in microbiology
JID - 101548977
PMC - PMC6232779
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Cardinium
OT  - Pratylenchus penetrans
OT  - Wolbachia
OT  - endosymbiont
OT  - genomics
OT  - horizontal gene transfer
OT  - plant-parasitic nematode
OT  - symbiosis
EDAT- 2018/11/22 06:00
MHDA- 2018/11/22 06:01
PMCR- 2018/10/16
CRDT- 2018/11/22 06:00
PHST- 2018/07/26 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2018/09/28 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2018/11/22 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2018/11/22 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/11/22 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2018/10/16 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02482 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Front Microbiol. 2018 Oct 16;9:2482. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02482. eCollection 
      2018.