PMID- 30464315
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20191104
LR  - 20191121
IS  - 2045-2322 (Electronic)
IS  - 2045-2322 (Linking)
VI  - 8
IP  - 1
DP  - 2018 Nov 21
TI  - Effect-based assessment of recipient waters impacted by on-site, small scale, and 
      large scale waste water treatment facilities - combining passive sampling with in 
      vitro bioassays and chemical analysis.
PG  - 17200
LID - 10.1038/s41598-018-35533-x [doi]
LID - 17200
AB  - Waste water treatment facilities are a major sources of organic micropollutants 
      (MPs) in surface water. In this study, surface water samples were collected from 
      seven sites along a river system in Uppsala, Sweden, during four seasons and 
      evaluated based on the occurrence of MPs in the samples and bioactivity using in 
      vitro bioassays. The sampling sites were differentially impacted by on-site 
      sewage treatment facilities (OSSFs), small scale, and large scale waste water 
      treatment plants (WWTPs). The bioassays used included activation of aryl 
      hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), estrogen receptor (ER), nuclear factor 
      kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFkB), nuclear factor erythroid 
      2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and androgen receptor (AR). Occurrence of 80 MPs, were 
      analyzed using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Most 
      water samples induced AhR activity, and all sampling sites showed a similar 
      profile regarding this activity. With the exception of one water sample, we did 
      not detect any NFkB, Nrf2 or AR activity of the water samples. The exception was 
      a sample impacted by OSSFs, which showed an activity in multiple bioassays, but 
      the activity could not be explained by the occurrence of target MPs. The 
      occurrence of MPs showed a spatial trend, with the highest number and amount of 
      MPs detected in the samples collected downstream of the WWTPs, where up to 47 MPs 
      were detected in one single sample. A seasonal variation was observed with 
      highest levels of MPs and highest AhR activities in samples collected in June and 
      September 2015. However, neither the seasonal activity nor the on-site activity 
      could be explained by the measured MPs, suggesting unknown contributory agents in 
      the water.
FAU - Rosenmai, Anna Kjerstine
AU  - Rosenmai AK
AD  - Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish 
      University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden.
FAU - Lundqvist, Johan
AU  - Lundqvist J
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5693-9007
AD  - Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish 
      University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden. 
      johan.lundqvist@slu.se.
FAU - Gago-Ferrero, Pablo
AU  - Gago-Ferrero P
AD  - Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural 
      Sciences, Box 7050, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden.
FAU - Mandava, Geeta
AU  - Mandava G
AD  - Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish 
      University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden.
FAU - Ahrens, Lutz
AU  - Ahrens L
AD  - Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural 
      Sciences, Box 7050, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden.
FAU - Wiberg, Karin
AU  - Wiberg K
AD  - Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural 
      Sciences, Box 7050, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden.
FAU - Oskarsson, Agneta
AU  - Oskarsson A
AD  - Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish 
      University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden.
LA  - eng
GR  - 222-2012-2124/Svenska Forskningsrådet Formas (Swedish Research Council 
      Formas)/International
GR  - 222-2012-2124/Svenska Forskningsrådet Formas (Swedish Research Council 
      Formas)/International
GR  - 2014-1435/Svenska Forskningsrådet Formas (Swedish Research Council 
      Formas)/International
GR  - 222-2012-2124/Svenska Forskningsrådet Formas (Swedish Research Council 
      Formas)/International
GR  - 222-2012-2124/Svenska Forskningsrådet Formas (Swedish Research Council 
      Formas)/International
GR  - 222-2012-2124/Svenska Forskningsrådet Formas (Swedish Research Council 
      Formas)/International
GR  - 222-2012-2124/Svenska Forskningsrådet Formas (Swedish Research Council 
      Formas)/International
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20181121
PL  - England
TA  - Sci Rep
JT  - Scientific reports
JID - 101563288
RN  - 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical)
SB  - IM
MH  - Biological Assay/*methods
MH  - *Chemistry Techniques, Analytical
MH  - Rivers/*chemistry
MH  - Sweden
MH  - Water Pollutants, Chemical/*analysis
MH  - Water Purification/*methods
MH  - *Water Quality
PMC - PMC6249289
COIS- The authors declare no competing interests.
EDAT- 2018/11/23 06:00
MHDA- 2019/11/05 06:00
PMCR- 2018/11/21
CRDT- 2018/11/23 06:00
PHST- 2018/08/21 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2018/11/07 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2018/11/23 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2018/11/23 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/11/05 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2018/11/21 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1038/s41598-018-35533-x [pii]
AID - 35533 [pii]
AID - 10.1038/s41598-018-35533-x [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Sci Rep. 2018 Nov 21;8(1):17200. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-35533-x.