PMID- 30470191 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20190705 LR - 20231004 IS - 1471-2180 (Electronic) IS - 1471-2180 (Linking) VI - 18 IP - Suppl 1 DP - 2018 Nov 23 TI - Hytrosavirus genetic diversity and eco-regional spread in Glossina species. PG - 143 LID - 10.1186/s12866-018-1297-2 [doi] LID - 143 AB - BACKGROUND: The management of the tsetse species Glossina pallidipes (Diptera; Glossinidae) in Africa by the sterile insect technique (SIT) has been hindered by infections of G. pallidipes production colonies with Glossina pallidipes salivary gland hypertrophy virus (GpSGHV; Hytrosaviridae family). This virus can significantly decrease productivity of the G. pallidipes colonies. Here, we used three highly diverged genes and two variable number tandem repeat regions (VNTRs) of the GpSGHV genome to identify the viral haplotypes in seven Glossina species obtained from 29 African locations and determine their phylogenetic relatedness. RESULTS: GpSGHV was detected in all analysed Glossina species using PCR. The highest GpSGHV prevalence was found in G. pallidipes colonized at FAO/IAEA Insect Pest Control Laboratory (IPCL) that originated from Uganda (100%) and Tanzania (88%), and a lower prevalence in G. morsitans morsitans from Tanzania (58%) and Zimbabwe (20%). Whereas GpSGHV was detected in 25-40% of G. fuscipes fuscipes in eastern Uganda, the virus was not detected in specimens of neighboring western Kenya. Most of the identified 15 haplotypes were restricted to specific Glossina species in distinct locations. Seven haplotypes were found exclusively in G. pallidipes. The reference haplotype H1 (GpSGHV-Uga; Ugandan strain) was the most widely distributed, but was not found in G. swynnertoni GpSGHV. The 15 haplotypes clustered into three distinct phylogenetic clades, the largest contained seven haplotypes, which were detected in six Glossina species. The G. pallidipes-infecting haplotypes H10, H11 and H12 (from Kenya) clustered with H7 (from Ethiopia), which presumably corresponds to the recently sequenced GpSGHV-Eth (Ethiopian) strain. These four haplotypes diverged the most from the reference H1 (GpSGHV-Uga). Haplotypes H1, H5 and H14 formed three main genealogy hubs, potentially representing the ancestors of the 15 haplotypes. CONCLUSION: These data identify G. pallidipes as a significant driver for the generation and diversity of GpSGHV variants. This information may provide control guidance when new tsetse colonies are established and hence, for improved management of the virus in tsetse rearing facilities that maintain multiple Glossina species. FAU - Meki, Irene K AU - Meki IK AD - Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna International Centre, P.O. Box 100 1400, Vienna, Austria. AD - Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University and Research, 6708, PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands. FAU - Kariithi, Henry M AU - Kariithi HM AD - Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna International Centre, P.O. Box 100 1400, Vienna, Austria. AD - Biotechnology Research Institute, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, P.O Box 57811, Loresho, Nairobi, Kenya. FAU - Ahmadi, Mehrdad AU - Ahmadi M AD - Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna International Centre, P.O. Box 100 1400, Vienna, Austria. AD - Insect Genetics Unit, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Karaj, Iran. FAU - Parker, Andrew G AU - Parker AG AD - Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna International Centre, P.O. Box 100 1400, Vienna, Austria. FAU - Vreysen, Marc J B AU - Vreysen MJB AD - Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna International Centre, P.O. Box 100 1400, Vienna, Austria. FAU - Vlak, Just M AU - Vlak JM AD - Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University and Research, 6708, PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands. FAU - van Oers, Monique M AU - van Oers MM AD - Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University and Research, 6708, PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands. FAU - Abd-Alla, Adly M M AU - Abd-Alla AMM AD - Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna International Centre, P.O. Box 100 1400, Vienna, Austria. a.m.m.abd-alla@iaea.org. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20181123 PL - England TA - BMC Microbiol JT - BMC microbiology JID - 100966981 SB - IM MH - Africa MH - Animal Distribution MH - Animals MH - DNA Viruses/genetics MH - Ethiopia MH - Evolution, Molecular MH - *Genetic Variation MH - Genome, Viral MH - Haplotypes MH - Insect Viruses/*genetics MH - Minisatellite Repeats MH - Phylogeny MH - Salivary Glands/*virology MH - Tanzania MH - Tsetse Flies/*virology MH - Uganda PMC - PMC6251127 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Genetic diversity OT - Glossinidae OT - GpSGHV OT - Haplotype OT - Salivary gland hypertrophy virus OT - Sterile insect technique OT - Tsetse OT - Virus evolution COIS- ETHICS APPROVAL AND CONSENT TO PARTICIPATE: Not applicable. CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION: Not applicable. COMPETING INTERESTS: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. PUBLISHER'S NOTE: Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. EDAT- 2018/11/25 06:00 MHDA- 2019/07/06 06:00 PMCR- 2018/11/23 CRDT- 2018/11/25 06:00 PHST- 2018/11/25 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2018/11/25 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2019/07/06 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2018/11/23 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.1186/s12866-018-1297-2 [pii] AID - 1297 [pii] AID - 10.1186/s12866-018-1297-2 [doi] PST - epublish SO - BMC Microbiol. 2018 Nov 23;18(Suppl 1):143. doi: 10.1186/s12866-018-1297-2.