PMID- 30504023
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20190220
LR  - 20221207
IS  - 1879-1026 (Electronic)
IS  - 0048-9697 (Linking)
VI  - 656
DP  - 2019 Mar 15
TI  - Wastewater-based monitoring of illicit drug consumption in Istanbul: Preliminary 
      results from two districts.
PG  - 231-238
LID - S0048-9697(18)34701-6 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.345 [doi]
AB  - Wastewater-based epidemiology is a well-established and complementary approach 
      for monitoring illicit drug use in the general population. In this study, 
      amphetamine (AMP), methamphetamine (METH), 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine 
      (MDMA), cocaine (COC) (from benzoylecgonine), and cannabis (from THC-COOH) 
      consumption levels were investigated for the first time in Turkey (Istanbul). A 
      solid-phase extraction method was applied to influent wastewater samples 
      collected from two districts, Beyoglu and Catalca. Liquid chromatography-tandem 
      mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis was conducted with electrospray ionization 
      in positive mode. Calibration curves were acquired in linear form with >0.999 
      correlation coefficients. Limit of detection levels were measured as 
      0.91-151 ng/L, and limit of quantitation levels were in the range of 3 to 
      500 ng/L. Solid-phase extraction recovery and repeatability experiments were 
      achieved by spiking the mix solution to different concentrations (50, 250, 
      750 ng/L) in 50 mL tap water and wastewater (500, 1000 ng/L) samples in six 
      replicates. The method was optimized, and recoveries were found to be over 80% 
      for all six substances with up to 11.9% relative standard deviation. According to 
      the real sample results, cannabis was found to be the most abused illicit 
      substance among the analytes. The mean consumptions of the two districts, 
      including seven consecutive days for AMP, METH, MDMA, COC, and cannabis, were 
      found to be 27.2, 322, 331, 385, and 1224 mg/day/1000 inhabitants, respectively. 
      In this presented study, all targeted compounds were analyzed simultaneously with 
      the same analytical conditions. To the best of our knowledge, this report is the 
      first to present illicit drug consumption data from Istanbul.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Mercan, Selda
AU  - Mercan S
AD  - Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Department of 
      Science, 34098 Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: 
      mercans@istanbul.edu.tr.
FAU - Kuloglu, Merve
AU  - Kuloglu M
AD  - Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Department of 
      Science, 34098 Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey.
FAU - Tekin, Tugba
AU  - Tekin T
AD  - Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Department of 
      Science, 34098 Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey.
FAU - Turkmen, Zeynep
AU  - Turkmen Z
AD  - Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Department of 
      Science, 34098 Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey.
FAU - Dogru, Ahmet Ozgur
AU  - Dogru AO
AD  - Istanbul Technical University, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of 
      Geomatics, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey.
FAU - Safran, Ayse N
AU  - Safran AN
AD  - Istanbul Technical University, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of 
      Geomatics, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey; Istanbul Water and Sewerage Administration, 
      34060 Istanbul, Turkey.
FAU - Acikkol, Munevver
AU  - Acikkol M
AD  - Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Department of 
      Science, 34098 Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey.
FAU - Asicioglu, Faruk
AU  - Asicioglu F
AD  - Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Department of 
      Medicine, 34098 Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20181124
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Sci Total Environ
JT  - The Science of the total environment
JID - 0330500
RN  - 0 (Illicit Drugs)
RN  - 0 (Waste Water)
RN  - 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical)
SB  - IM
MH  - Chromatography, Liquid
MH  - Cities
MH  - Illicit Drugs/*analysis
MH  - Solid Phase Extraction
MH  - Tandem Mass Spectrometry
MH  - Turkey
MH  - Wastewater/*analysis
MH  - Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Community consumption
OT  - Illicit drugs
OT  - Istanbul
OT  - Turkey
OT  - Wastewater-based epidemiology
EDAT- 2018/12/06 06:00
MHDA- 2019/03/21 06:00
CRDT- 2018/12/04 06:00
PHST- 2018/07/19 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2018/11/23 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2018/11/23 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2018/12/06 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/03/21 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2018/12/04 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S0048-9697(18)34701-6 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.345 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Sci Total Environ. 2019 Mar 15;656:231-238. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.345. 
      Epub 2018 Nov 24.