PMID- 30529037
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20190304
LR  - 20221207
IS  - 1872-6283 (Electronic)
IS  - 0379-0738 (Linking)
VI  - 294
DP  - 2019 Jan
TI  - Assessment of illicit drugs in wastewater and estimation of drugs of abuse in 
      Adana Province, Turkey.
PG  - 132-139
LID - S0379-0738(18)30783-7 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.11.012 [doi]
AB  - Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is a rapidly developing discipline that has 
      the potential to monitor real-time data on regional and temporal differences 
      regarding the use of illicit drugs. With WBE, metabolic products discharged for 
      drug consumption are rapidly collected by sewage systems, which provide valuable 
      evidence on the types and quantities of drugs consumed by a given community. In 
      this study, the samples were collected from the wastewaters entering the 
      facilities in Seyhan and Yuregir Waste Water Treatment Plants (WWTPs), in Adana 
      Province. Composite wastewater analysis was performed by using liquid 
      chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and the analysis revealed 
      multiple drugs including cocaine and its main metabolite, benzoylecgonine, 
      amphetamine-like stimulants including amphetamine, methamphetamine, 
      3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), 
      and 3,4-methylenedioxyethamphetamine (MDEA), opiates including morphine, codeine, 
      heroin metabolite 6-acetylmorphine (6-MAM), the metabolite of cannabis, 
      11-nor-carboxy-THC (THC-COOH), and the main metabolite of Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol 
      (THC), 11-hydroxy (THC-OH). Mean drug consumption rates were as follows: cocaine, 
      0.18; amphetamine, 0.43; methamphetamine, 0.06; MDMA (ecstasy), 1.30; heroin, 
      1.03; THC (marijuana), 28.60 doses/day/1000 persons (15-64years). The consumption 
      rates for some illicit drugs showed a significant difference between seasons, 
      regions, and weekdays-weekends.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Daglioglu, Nebile
AU  - Daglioglu N
AD  - Cukurova University, School of Medicine, Department of Forensic Medicine, Adana 
      01330, Turkey. Electronic address: nebiled@hotmail.com.
FAU - Guzel, Evsen Yavuz
AU  - Guzel EY
AD  - Cukurova University, Faculty of Fisheries, Department of Basic Science, Adana 
      01330, Turkey. Electronic address: evsen_yavuz_112@hotmail.com.
FAU - Kilercioglu, Serdar
AU  - Kilercioglu S
AD  - Cukurova University, Biotechnology Research and Application Centre, Adana 01330, 
      Turkey. Electronic address: kilerciogluserdar@gmail.com.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20181123
PL  - Ireland
TA  - Forensic Sci Int
JT  - Forensic science international
JID - 7902034
RN  - 0 (Illicit Drugs)
RN  - 0 (Waste Water)
SB  - IM
MH  - Chromatography, Liquid
MH  - Humans
MH  - Illicit Drugs/*analysis
MH  - Seasons
MH  - Substance Abuse Detection/*methods
MH  - Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology
MH  - Tandem Mass Spectrometry
MH  - Turkey/epidemiology
MH  - Wastewater/*chemistry
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Illicit drugs
OT  - LC-MS/MS
OT  - Turkey
OT  - Wastewater-based epidemiology
EDAT- 2018/12/12 06:00
MHDA- 2019/03/05 06:00
CRDT- 2018/12/12 06:00
PHST- 2018/09/27 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2018/11/15 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2018/11/19 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2018/12/12 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/03/05 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2018/12/12 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S0379-0738(18)30783-7 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.11.012 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Forensic Sci Int. 2019 Jan;294:132-139. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.11.012. 
      Epub 2018 Nov 23.