PMID- 30543909
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20200227
LR  - 20200227
IS  - 1878-5921 (Electronic)
IS  - 0895-4356 (Linking)
VI  - 107
DP  - 2019 Mar
TI  - Firm human evidence on harms of endocrine-disrupting chemicals was unlikely to be 
      obtainable for methodological reasons.
PG  - 107-115
LID - S0895-4356(18)30361-5 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2018.12.005 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Despite plausible laboratory evidence about harms of 
      endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), systematic reviews and meta-analyses of 
      epidemiological studies do not consistently find such harms. The purpose of this 
      article was to discuss why solid human evidence on EDCs was unlikely to be 
      obtainable even though they are truely harmful to humans. RESULTS: Indeed, there 
      are insurmountable methodological limitations in human studies. They include 
      unpredictable net effects of diverse EDC mixtures, low reliability of exposure 
      assessment, nonmonotonic dose-response relationships, nonexistence of an 
      unexposed group, and complicated interactions with diet and obesity. The exposome 
      is never free from these methodological issues. Therefore, the most persuasive 
      evidence about human harms of EDCs may be increasing EDC-linked diseases at 
      population levels, but traditional epidemiological studies of EDCs, especially 
      short-lived and widely used EDCs, fail to provide consistent results. 
      Nevertheless, human studies of EDCs with long half-lives, for example, persistent 
      organic pollutants (POPs), are still worthwhile because there are fewer 
      methodological issues. Also, they can play a role as surrogate markers of 
      lipophilic chemical mixtures. Notably, although POPs are well-known EDCs, human 
      findings on POPs cannot be attributed to common hormone-disrupting properties 
      because the net effect of diverse EDC mixtures cannot be reliably predicted even 
      with POPs. Homeostasis disruption through mitochondrial dysfunction may be more 
      relevant to such effects. CONCLUSION: Logical inference should play a primary 
      role in judging harms of EDCs in humans.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
FAU - Lee, Duk-Hee
AU  - Lee DH
AD  - Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National 
      University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Science, BK21 Plus 
      KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 
      Republic of Korea. Electronic address: lee_dh@knu.ac.kr.
FAU - Jacobs, David R Jr
AU  - Jacobs DR Jr
AD  - Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, 
      Minneapolis, MN, USA.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20181210
PL  - United States
TA  - J Clin Epidemiol
JT  - Journal of clinical epidemiology
JID - 8801383
RN  - 0 (Endocrine Disruptors)
RN  - 0 (Environmental Pollutants)
SB  - IM
CIN - J Clin Epidemiol. 2019 Jul;111:124-126. PMID: 30905697
MH  - Comorbidity
MH  - Endocrine Disruptors/*toxicity
MH  - Environmental Pollutants/*toxicity
MH  - Epidemiologic Methods
MH  - Half-Life
MH  - Homeostasis
MH  - Humans
MH  - Mitochondria/metabolism
MH  - Obesity/*epidemiology
MH  - Reproducibility of Results
MH  - Research Design
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Chemical mixtures
OT  - EDCs
OT  - Epidemiology
OT  - Nonmonotonic dose-response relationship
OT  - Reliability
EDAT- 2018/12/14 06:00
MHDA- 2020/02/28 06:00
CRDT- 2018/12/14 06:00
PHST- 2018/05/20 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2018/09/27 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2018/12/05 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2018/12/14 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/02/28 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2018/12/14 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S0895-4356(18)30361-5 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2018.12.005 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Clin Epidemiol. 2019 Mar;107:107-115. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2018.12.005. Epub 
      2018 Dec 10.