PMID- 30585081
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20190506
LR  - 20221207
IS  - 1552-4175 (Electronic)
IS  - 1099-8004 (Linking)
VI  - 21
IP  - 2
DP  - 2019 Mar
TI  - Glycemic Control in Insulin-Treated Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: Empowerment 
      Perceptions and Diabetes Distress as Important Determinants.
PG  - 182-189
LID - 10.1177/1099800418820170 [doi]
AB  - The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to explore the determinants of 
      hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels in insulin-treated patients with Type 2 diabetes 
      mellitus (T2DM) based on demographic and disease characteristics, self-reported 
      regimen adherence factors (adherence in insulin regimen and self-monitoring of 
      blood glucose), and psychosocial factors (decisional balance for insulin 
      injection, health literacy, self-efficacy for insulin injection, diabetes 
      distress, and empowerment perceptions). Via convenience sampling, 255 
      insulin-treated patients with T2DM were recruited from two endocrinology clinics 
      in Taiwan. A self-report questionnaire was used to collect demographic and 
      disease characteristics, regimen adherence factors, and psychosocial factors. The 
      first HbA1c level measured after completion of the questionnaire was the 
      dependent variable. The last HbA1c level measured before patients started insulin 
      therapy as well as body mass index (BMI) was collected from medical records. 
      Results indicated that adherence in insulin regimen was relatively good. Regimen 
      adherence factors did not significantly correlate with HbA1c levels, but 
      empowerment perception, decisional balance for insulin injection, health 
      literacy, and diabetes distress did. The hierarchical multiple regression models 
      indicated that BMI, the last HbA1c levels before starting insulin therapy, 
      empowerment perception, and diabetes distress were important determinants of 
      HbA1c levels. Nurses could periodically assess the diabetes distress of 
      insulin-treated patients with T2DM and refer to mental health professionals when 
      needed. Furthermore, applying empowerment approaches such as enhancing 
      self-awareness of improved glycemic control and sharing more decision-making 
      power with insulin-treated patients with T2DM might have benefits for their 
      glycemic control.
FAU - Chen, Shi-Yu
AU  - Chen SY
AD  - 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
FAU - Hsu, Hui-Chun
AU  - Hsu HC
AD  - 2 Lee's Endocrinology Clinic, Pingtung City, Taiwan.
FAU - Wang, Ruey-Hsia
AU  - Wang RH
AD  - 3 College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
AD  - 4 Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, 
      Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
FAU - Lee, Yau-Jiunn
AU  - Lee YJ
AD  - 2 Lee's Endocrinology Clinic, Pingtung City, Taiwan.
FAU - Hsieh, Chang-Hsun
AU  - Hsieh CH
AD  - 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20181225
PL  - United States
TA  - Biol Res Nurs
JT  - Biological research for nursing
JID - 9815758
RN  - 0 (Blood Glucose)
RN  - 0 (Glycated Hemoglobin A)
RN  - 0 (Hypoglycemic Agents)
RN  - 0 (Insulin)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Aged, 80 and over
MH  - Blood Glucose
MH  - Body Mass Index
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*drug therapy/*psychology
MH  - Female
MH  - Glycated Hemoglobin
MH  - Glycemic Index
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hypoglycemic Agents/*therapeutic use
MH  - Insulin/*therapeutic use
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - *Power, Psychological
MH  - *Self Efficacy
MH  - Stress, Psychological/*physiopathology
MH  - Surveys and Questionnaires
MH  - Taiwan
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - diabetes distress
OT  - empowerment perception
OT  - glycemic control
OT  - insulin-treated
OT  - regimen adherence
OT  - type 2 diabetes mellitus
EDAT- 2018/12/27 06:00
MHDA- 2019/05/07 06:00
CRDT- 2018/12/27 06:00
PHST- 2018/12/27 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/05/07 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2018/12/27 06:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1177/1099800418820170 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Biol Res Nurs. 2019 Mar;21(2):182-189. doi: 10.1177/1099800418820170. Epub 2018 
      Dec 25.