PMID- 30589455
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20190104
LR  - 20190104
IS  - 1365-3083 (Electronic)
IS  - 0300-9475 (Linking)
VI  - 88
IP  - 6
DP  - 2018 Dec
TI  - Cell- and tissue-specific epigenetic changes associated with chronic inflammation 
      in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
PG  - e12723
LID - 10.1111/sji.12723 [doi]
AB  - Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by 
      hyperglycaemia, which can cause micro- and macrovascular complications. Chronic 
      inflammation may be the cause and result of T2DM, and its related complications 
      as an imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines can affect immune 
      functions. Apart from genetic changes occurring within the body resulting in 
      inflammation in T2DM, epigenetic modifications can modify gene expression in 
      response to environmental cues such as an unhealthy diet, lack of exercise and 
      obesity. The most widely studied epigenetic modification, DNA methylation (DNAm), 
      regulates gene expression and may manipulate inflammatory genes to increase or 
      decrease inflammation associated with T2DM. This review explores the studies 
      related to epigenetic changes, more specifically DNAm, associated with chronic 
      inflammation in T2DM, at both the cell and tissue levels. Studying epigenetic 
      alterations during inflammatory response, as a result of genetic and 
      environmental signals, creates opportunities for the development of "early 
      detection/relative risk" tests to aid in prevention of T2DM. Understanding 
      inflammation in T2DM at the gene level in inflammation-associated cells and 
      tissues may provide further insight for the development of specific therapeutic 
      targets for the disorder.
CI  - (c) 2018 The Foundation for the Scandinavian Journal of Immunology.
FAU - Naidoo, Velosha
AU  - Naidoo V
AD  - Department of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 
      Durban, South Africa.
FAU - Naidoo, Merusha
AU  - Naidoo M
AD  - Department of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 
      Durban, South Africa.
FAU - Ghai, Meenu
AU  - Ghai M
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-8692-0996
AD  - Department of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 
      Durban, South Africa.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20181104
PL  - England
TA  - Scand J Immunol
JT  - Scandinavian journal of immunology
JID - 0323767
RN  - 0 (Cytokines)
RN  - 0 (Histones)
RN  - 0 (Interferon Regulatory Factors)
SB  - IM
MH  - Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly
MH  - Cytokines/*genetics/immunology
MH  - DNA Methylation
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*genetics/immunology/pathology
MH  - *Epigenesis, Genetic
MH  - Histones/genetics/immunology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Inflammation
MH  - Insulin Resistance/*genetics/immunology
MH  - Interferon Regulatory Factors/genetics/immunology
MH  - Lymphocytes/immunology/pathology
MH  - Macrophages/immunology/pathology
MH  - Monocytes/immunology/pathology
MH  - Obesity/*genetics/immunology/pathology
EDAT- 2018/12/28 06:00
MHDA- 2019/01/05 06:00
CRDT- 2018/12/28 06:00
PHST- 2018/04/17 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2018/09/29 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2018/09/29 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2018/12/28 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2018/12/28 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/01/05 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1111/sji.12723 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Scand J Immunol. 2018 Dec;88(6):e12723. doi: 10.1111/sji.12723. Epub 2018 Nov 4.