PMID- 30595920
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20201001
IS  - 2090-2654 (Print)
IS  - 2090-2662 (Electronic)
IS  - 2090-2654 (Linking)
VI  - 2018
DP  - 2018
TI  - Anti-Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein and Human Leukocyte Antigens as Markers 
      in Pediatric and Adolescent Multiple Sclerosis: on Diagnosis, Clinical 
      Phenotypes, and Therapeutic Responses.
PG  - 8487471
LID - 10.1155/2018/8487471 [doi]
LID - 8487471
AB  - Early-onset (pediatric and adolescent) multiple sclerosis (MS) is a 
      well-established demyelinating disease that accounts for approximately 3-5% of 
      all MS cases. Thus, identifying potential biomarkers that can reflect the 
      pathogenic mechanisms, disease course and prognosis, and therapeutic response in 
      such patients is of paramount importance. Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein 
      (MOG) has been regarded as a putative autoantigen and autoantibody target in 
      patients with demyelinating diseases for almost three decades. However, recent 
      studies have suggested that antibodies against MOG represent a distinct clinical 
      entity of dominantly humoral profile, with a range of clinical phenotypes closely 
      related to the age of onset, specific patterns of disease course, and responses 
      to treatment. Furthermore, the major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-which has 
      been regarded as the "gold standard" for attributing genetic burden in adult MS 
      since the early 1970s-has also emerged as the primary genetic locus in 
      early-onset MS, particularly with regard to the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) 
      alleles DRB1⁎1501 and DRB1⁎0401. Recent studies have investigated the potential 
      interactions among HLA, MOG, and environmental factors, demonstrating that 
      early-onset MS is characterized by genetic, immunogenetic, immunological, and 
      familial trait correlations. In this paper, we review recent evidence regarding 
      HLA-genotyping and MOG antibodies-the two most important candidate biomarkers for 
      early-onset MS-as well as their potential application in the diagnosis and 
      treatment of MS.
FAU - Gontika, Maria P
AU  - Gontika MP
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0000-2298
AD  - Immunogenetics Laboratory of 1st Department of Neurology, Medical School of 
      National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aeginition Hospital, Athens, 
      Greece.
FAU - Anagnostouli, Maria C
AU  - Anagnostouli MC
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-8934-670X
AD  - Immunogenetics Laboratory of 1st Department of Neurology, Medical School of 
      National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aeginition Hospital, Athens, 
      Greece.
AD  - Demyelinating Diseases Clinic, 1st Department of Neurology, Medical School of 
      National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aeginition Hospital, Athens, 
      Greece.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20181122
PL  - Egypt
TA  - Mult Scler Int
JT  - Multiple sclerosis international
JID - 101566861
PMC - PMC6282147
EDAT- 2019/01/01 06:00
MHDA- 2019/01/01 06:01
PMCR- 2018/11/22
CRDT- 2019/01/01 06:00
PHST- 2018/07/17 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2018/09/19 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2018/11/07 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/01/01 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2019/01/01 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/01/01 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2018/11/22 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1155/2018/8487471 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Mult Scler Int. 2018 Nov 22;2018:8487471. doi: 10.1155/2018/8487471. eCollection 
      2018.