PMID- 30601672
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20200106
LR  - 20200930
IS  - 1522-1563 (Electronic)
IS  - 0363-6143 (Print)
IS  - 0363-6143 (Linking)
VI  - 316
IP  - 3
DP  - 2019 Mar 1
TI  - Stroke and the neurovascular unit: glial cells, sex differences, and 
      hypertension.
PG  - C325-C339
LID - 10.1152/ajpcell.00333.2018 [doi]
AB  - A functional neurovascular unit (NVU) is central to meeting the brain's dynamic 
      metabolic needs. Poststroke damage to the NVU within the ipsilateral hemisphere 
      ranges from cell dysfunction to complete cell loss. Thus, understanding 
      poststroke cell-cell communication within the NVU is of critical importance. Loss 
      of coordinated NVU function exacerbates ischemic injury. However, particular 
      cells of the NVU (e.g., astrocytes) and those with ancillary roles (e.g., 
      microglia) also contribute to repair mechanisms. Epidemiological studies support 
      the notion that infarct size and recovery outcomes are heterogeneous and greatly 
      influenced by modifiable and nonmodifiable factors such as sex and the co-morbid 
      condition common to stroke: hypertension. The mechanisms whereby sex and 
      hypertension modulate NVU function are explored, to some extent, in preclinical 
      laboratory studies. We present a review of the NVU in the context of ischemic 
      stroke with a focus on glial contributions to NVU function and dysfunction. We 
      explore the impact of sex and hypertension as modifiable and nonmodifiable risk 
      factors and the underlying cellular mechanisms that may underlie heterogeneous 
      stroke outcomes. Most of the preclinical investigative studies of poststroke NVU 
      dysfunction are carried out primarily in male stroke models lacking underlying 
      co-morbid conditions, which is very different from the human condition. As such, 
      the evolution of translational medicine to target the NVU for improved stroke 
      outcomes remains elusive; however, it is attainable with further research.
FAU - Morrison, Helena W
AU  - Morrison HW
AD  - College of Nursing, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona.
FAU - Filosa, Jessica A
AU  - Filosa JA
AD  - Department of Physiology, Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia.
LA  - eng
GR  - R01 HL089067/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
DEP - 20190102
PL  - United States
TA  - Am J Physiol Cell Physiol
JT  - American journal of physiology. Cell physiology
JID - 100901225
SB  - IM
MH  - Aged
MH  - Astrocytes/pathology
MH  - Blood-Brain Barrier/pathology
MH  - Brain/pathology
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hypertension/*pathology
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Neuroglia/*pathology
MH  - Neurovascular Coupling/physiology
MH  - Sex Characteristics
MH  - Stroke/*pathology
PMC - PMC6457101
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - astrocyte
OT  - microglia
OT  - neurovascular unit
OT  - sex
OT  - stroke
COIS- No conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise, are declared by the authors.
EDAT- 2019/01/03 06:00
MHDA- 2020/01/07 06:00
PMCR- 2020/03/01
CRDT- 2019/01/03 06:00
PHST- 2019/01/03 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/01/07 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2019/01/03 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/03/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - C-00333-2018 [pii]
AID - 10.1152/ajpcell.00333.2018 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2019 Mar 1;316(3):C325-C339. doi: 
      10.1152/ajpcell.00333.2018. Epub 2019 Jan 2.