PMID- 30603867
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20190718
LR  - 20190718
IS  - 1432-5233 (Electronic)
IS  - 0940-5429 (Linking)
VI  - 56
IP  - 6
DP  - 2019 Jun
TI  - Ten years of experience with DPP-4 inhibitors for the treatment of type 2 
      diabetes mellitus.
PG  - 605-617
LID - 10.1007/s00592-018-1271-3 [doi]
AB  - Achieving and maintaining recommended glycemic targets without causing adverse e 
      ffects, including hypoglycemia, is challenging, especially in older patients with 
      type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The introduction of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 
      (DPP-4) inhibitors, more than 10 years ago, has provided an alternative to 
      conventional medications for the intensification of glucose-lowering treatment 
      after failure of metformin monotherapy, and therefore, marked an important 
      advance in the management of T2DM. By prolonging the activity of incretin 
      hormones, DPP-4 inhibitors induce insulin release and decrease glucagon secretion 
      in a glucose-dependent manner. This results in a more physiologic glycemic 
      control as compared to that ensured by insulin secretagogues (sulfonylureas and 
      glinides). Overall, DPP-4 inhibitors have a favorable safety profile and can be 
      used without dose adjustments in older adults and in patients with mild renal 
      impairment; they have a neutral effect on body weight and do not cause 
      hypoglycemia by themselves. Safety issues, reported mainly in post-marketing 
      surveillance programs and including cardiovascular outcomes and the risk of acute 
      pancreatitis, are being extensively investigated. The aim of this review is to 
      discuss the impact of DPP-4 inhibitors on the treatment of T2DM, after 10 years 
      of experience, with an emphasis on diabetes care in Italy. We will first describe 
      T2DM treatment in Italy and then provide an overview of the main findings from 
      randomized controlled trials, real-world studies and post-marketing surveillance 
      programs with DPP-4 inhibitors.
FAU - Sesti, Giorgio
AU  - Sesti G
AD  - Department of Clinical and Surgical Science, University of Magna Graecia of 
      Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy. sesti@unicz.it.
FAU - Avogaro, Angelo
AU  - Avogaro A
AD  - Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
FAU - Belcastro, Sara
AU  - Belcastro S
AD  - Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
FAU - Bonora, Benedetta Maria
AU  - Bonora BM
AD  - Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
FAU - Croci, Marina
AU  - Croci M
AD  - Department of Medical Sciences and Rehabilitation, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico 
      Italiano, Milan, Italy.
FAU - Daniele, Giuseppe
AU  - Daniele G
AD  - Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine A.O.U. Pisana, Pisa, Italy.
FAU - Dauriz, Marco
AU  - Dauriz M
AD  - Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, 
      University of Verona and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy.
FAU - Dotta, Francesco
AU  - Dotta F
AD  - Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of 
      Siena, Siena, Italy.
FAU - Formichi, Caterina
AU  - Formichi C
AD  - Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of 
      Siena, Siena, Italy.
FAU - Frontoni, Simona
AU  - Frontoni S
AD  - Unit of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Systems Medicine, 
      S. Giovanni Calibita Fatebenefratelli Hospital, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 
      Rome, Italy.
FAU - Invitti, Cecilia
AU  - Invitti C
AD  - Department of Medical Sciences and Rehabilitation, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico 
      Italiano, Milan, Italy.
FAU - Orsi, Emanuela
AU  - Orsi E
AD  - Diabetes Unit, Fondazione IRCCS'Ca Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, 
      Italy.
FAU - Picconi, Fabiana
AU  - Picconi F
AD  - Unit of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Systems Medicine, 
      S. Giovanni Calibita Fatebenefratelli Hospital, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 
      Rome, Italy.
FAU - Resi, Veronica
AU  - Resi V
AD  - Diabetes Unit, Fondazione IRCCS'Ca Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, 
      Italy.
AD  - Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, 
      Italy.
FAU - Bonora, Enzo
AU  - Bonora E
AD  - Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, 
      University of Verona and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy.
FAU - Purrello, Francesco
AU  - Purrello F
AD  - Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, 
      Italy.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20190102
PL  - Germany
TA  - Acta Diabetol
JT  - Acta diabetologica
JID - 9200299
RN  - 0 (Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors)
RN  - 0 (Hypoglycemic Agents)
SB  - IM
CIN - Acta Diabetol. 2019 Jul;56(7):819. PMID: 30923975
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*drug therapy
MH  - Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors/administration & dosage/adverse 
      effects/*therapeutic use
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hypoglycemic Agents/administration & dosage/adverse effects/*therapeutic use
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Cardiovascular outcome trial
OT  - DPP-4 inhibitors
OT  - Diabetes
OT  - Hypoglycemia
EDAT- 2019/01/04 06:00
MHDA- 2019/07/19 06:00
CRDT- 2019/01/04 06:00
PHST- 2018/09/20 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2018/12/10 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/01/04 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/07/19 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2019/01/04 06:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1007/s00592-018-1271-3 [pii]
AID - 10.1007/s00592-018-1271-3 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Acta Diabetol. 2019 Jun;56(6):605-617. doi: 10.1007/s00592-018-1271-3. Epub 2019 
      Jan 2.