PMID- 30618744 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20201001 IS - 1663-9812 (Print) IS - 1663-9812 (Electronic) IS - 1663-9812 (Linking) VI - 9 DP - 2018 TI - Moringa oleifera Leaf Petroleum Ether Extract Inhibits Lipogenesis by Activating the AMPK Signaling Pathway. PG - 1447 LID - 10.3389/fphar.2018.01447 [doi] LID - 1447 AB - In recent years, obesity has become a key factor affecting human health. Moringa oleifera Lam. is a perennial tropical deciduous tree, which is widely used in human medicine due to its nutritional and unique medicinal value. It has a cholesterol-lowering effect, but its mechanism of action is unclear. In this study, we elucidated the inhibitory effect of M. oleifera leaf petroleum ether extract (MOPEE) on lipid accumulation by in vitro and in vivo experiments, and we described its mechanism of action. MOPEE suppressed adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes in a dose-dependent manner and had no effect on cell viability at doses up to 400 mug/ml. Furthermore, MOPEE (400 mug/ml) significantly downregulated the expression of adipogenesis-associated proteins [peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins alpha and beta (C/EBPalpha and C/EBPbeta), and fatty acid synthase (FAS)] and upregulated the expression of a lipolysis-associated protein [hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL)] in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Additionally, MOPEE (400 mug/ml) significantly increased the degree of phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase alpha (AMPKalpha) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). An AMPK inhibitor reversed the MOPEE-induced activation of AMPKalpha and ACC in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Animal experiments showed that, in high-fat diet (HFD) mice, MOPEE [0.5 g/kg body weight (BW)] effectively decreased BW; relative epididymal, perirenal, and mesenteric fat weight and fat tissue size; and hepatic fat accumulation. Furthermore, MOPEE markedly reduced the serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Moreover, MOPEE significantly downregulated the expression of adipogenesis-associated proteins (PPARgamma and FAS) and upregulated the expression of a lipolysis-associated protein [adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL)] in HFD mice hepatic and epididymal fat tissue. Additionally, MOPEE markedly increased the degree of phosphorylation of AMPKalpha and ACC in HFD mice hepatic and epididymal fat tissue. Following ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS) analysis, three phytocompounds (isoquercitrin, chrysin-7-glucoside, and quercitrin) were identified as compounds with relatively high levels in MOPEE. Among them, quercitrin showed excellent fat accumulation inhibitory activity, and the three compounds had synergistic effects in inhibiting adipogenesis. Taken together, MOPEE inhibits fat accumulation by inhibiting the adipogenesis and promoting the lipolysis, and this process is related to AMPK activation. FAU - Xie, Jing AU - Xie J AD - Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Big Data, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China. AD - College of Biological Big Data, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China. FAU - Wang, Yan AU - Wang Y AD - Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Big Data, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China. AD - College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China. FAU - Jiang, Wei-Wei AU - Jiang WW AD - Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Big Data, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China. AD - College of Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China. FAU - Luo, Xuan-Fei AU - Luo XF AD - Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Big Data, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China. AD - College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China. FAU - Dai, Tian-Yi AU - Dai TY AD - Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Big Data, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China. AD - College of Biological Big Data, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China. FAU - Peng, Lei AU - Peng L AD - Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Big Data, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China. AD - Research Institute of Plateau Characteristic Agricultural Industry, Kunming, China. FAU - Song, Shuang AU - Song S AD - Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Big Data, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China. AD - College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China. FAU - Li, Ling-Fei AU - Li LF AD - Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Big Data, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China. AD - College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China. FAU - Tao, Liang AU - Tao L AD - Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Big Data, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China. AD - College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China. FAU - Shi, Chong-Ying AU - Shi CY AD - College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China. FAU - Hao, Ruo-Shi AU - Hao RS AD - Research Institute of Plateau Characteristic Agricultural Industry, Kunming, China. FAU - Xiao, Rong AU - Xiao R AD - College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China. FAU - Tian, Yang AU - Tian Y AD - Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Big Data, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China. AD - College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China. FAU - Sheng, Jun AU - Sheng J AD - Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Big Data, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China. AD - Research Institute of Plateau Characteristic Agricultural Industry, Kunming, China. AD - Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20181218 PL - Switzerland TA - Front Pharmacol JT - Frontiers in pharmacology JID - 101548923 PMC - PMC6305553 OTO - NOTNLM OT - 3T3-L1 adipocytes OT - AMPK OT - Moringa oleifera leaf petroleum ether extract OT - adipogenesis OT - antiobesity OT - lipolysis EDAT- 2019/01/09 06:00 MHDA- 2019/01/09 06:01 PMCR- 2018/12/18 CRDT- 2019/01/09 06:00 PHST- 2018/06/02 00:00 [received] PHST- 2018/11/23 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2019/01/09 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2019/01/09 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2019/01/09 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2018/12/18 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.3389/fphar.2018.01447 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Front Pharmacol. 2018 Dec 18;9:1447. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01447. eCollection 2018.