PMID- 30626145
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20190426
LR  - 20200225
IS  - 1422-0067 (Electronic)
IS  - 1422-0067 (Linking)
VI  - 20
IP  - 1
DP  - 2019 Jan 8
TI  - The Controversial Role of Homocysteine in Neurology: From Labs to Clinical 
      Practice.
LID - 10.3390/ijms20010231 [doi]
LID - 231
AB  - Homocysteine (Hcy) is a sulfur-containing amino acid that is generated during 
      methionine metabolism. Physiologic Hcy levels are determined primarily by dietary 
      intake and vitamin status. Elevated plasma levels of Hcy can be caused by 
      deficiency of either vitamin B12 or folate. Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) can be 
      responsible of different systemic and neurological disease. Actually, HHcy has 
      been considered as a risk factor for systemic atherosclerosis and cardiovascular 
      disease (CVD) and HHcy has been reported in many neurologic disorders including 
      cognitive impairment and stroke, independent of long-recognized factors such as 
      hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and smoking. HHcy is typically 
      defined as levels >15 micromol/L. Treatment of hyperhomocysteinemia with folic 
      acid and B vitamins seems to be effective in the prevention of the development of 
      atherosclerosis, CVD, and strokes. However, data from literature show 
      controversial results regarding the significance of homocysteine as a risk factor 
      for CVD and stroke and whether patients should be routinely screened for 
      homocysteine. HHcy-induced oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, 
      inflammation, smooth muscle cell proliferation, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) 
      stress have been considered to play an important role in the pathogenesis of 
      several diseases including atherosclerosis and stroke. The aim of our research is 
      to review the possible role of HHcy in neurodegenerative disease and stroke and 
      to understand its pathogenesis.
FAU - Moretti, Rita
AU  - Moretti R
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9731-2697
AD  - Neurology Clinic, Department of Medical, Surgical, and Health Sciences, 
      University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy. moretti@units.it.
FAU - Caruso, Paola
AU  - Caruso P
AD  - Neurology Clinic, Department of Medical, Surgical, and Health Sciences, 
      University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy. paolacaruso83@gmail.com.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20190108
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Int J Mol Sci
JT  - International journal of molecular sciences
JID - 101092791
RN  - 0 (Reactive Oxygen Species)
RN  - 0LVT1QZ0BA (Homocysteine)
RN  - P6YC3EG204 (Vitamin B 12)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Homocysteine/*metabolism
MH  - Humans
MH  - Inflammation/pathology
MH  - *Neurology
MH  - *Practice Patterns, Physicians'
MH  - Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
MH  - Vitamin B 12/metabolism
PMC - PMC6337226
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - dementias
OT  - homocysteine
OT  - inflammation
OT  - stroke
OT  - vascular endothelium
COIS- None of the authors have potential conflicts of interest to be disclosed.
EDAT- 2019/01/11 06:00
MHDA- 2019/04/27 06:00
PMCR- 2019/01/01
CRDT- 2019/01/11 06:00
PHST- 2018/11/29 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2018/12/29 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2019/01/04 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/01/11 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2019/01/11 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/04/27 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2019/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - ijms20010231 [pii]
AID - ijms-20-00231 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/ijms20010231 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Jan 8;20(1):231. doi: 10.3390/ijms20010231.