PMID- 30630742
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20190612
LR  - 20190613
IS  - 1878-1861 (Electronic)
IS  - 1878-1861 (Linking)
VI  - 22
IP  - 6
DP  - 2019 Jun
TI  - Acute carbohydrate ingestion does not influence the post-exercise iron-regulatory 
      response in elite keto-adapted race walkers.
PG  - 635-640
LID - S1440-2440(18)31085-5 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.jsams.2018.12.015 [doi]
AB  - OBJECTIVES: Adhering to a low carbohydrate (CHO) high fat (LCHF) diet can alter 
      markers of iron metabolism in endurance athletes. This investigation examined the 
      re-introduction of CHO prior to, and during exercise on the iron-regulatory 
      response to exercise in a homogenous (in regard to serum ferritin concentration) 
      group of athletes adapted to a LCHF diet. DESIGN: Parallel groups design. 
      METHODS: Three weeks prior to the exercise trials, twenty-three elite race 
      walkers adhered to either a CHO-rich (n=14) or LCHF diet (n=9). A standardised 
      19-25km race walk was performed while athletes were still adhering to their 
      allocated dietary intervention (Adapt). A second test was performed three days 
      later, where all athletes were placed on a high CHO diet (CHO Restoration). 
      Venous blood samples were collected pre-, post- and 3h post-exercise and measured 
      for interleukin-6 (IL-6) and hepcidin-25. RESULTS: The post-exercise IL-6 
      increase was greater in LCHF (p<0.001) during both the Adapt (LCHF: 13.1-fold 
      increase; 95% CI: 5.6-23.0, CHO: 8.0-fold increase; 5.1-11.1) and CHO Restoration 
      trials (LCHF: 18.5-fold increase; 10.9-28.9, CHO: 6.3-fold increase; 3.9-9.5); 
      outcomes were not different between trials (p=0.84). Hepcidin-25 concentrations 
      increased 3h post-exercise (p<0.001), however, they did not differ between trials 
      (p=0.46) or diets (p=0.84). CONCLUSIONS: The elevated IL-6 response in athletes 
      adapted to a LCHF diet was not attenuated by an acute increase in exogenous CHO 
      availability. Despite diet-induced differences in IL-6 response to exercise, 
      post-exercise hepcidin levels were similar between diets and trials, indicating 
      CHO availability has minimal influence on post-exercise iron metabolism.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2019 Sports Medicine Australia. All rights reserved.
FAU - McKay, Alannah K A
AU  - McKay AKA
AD  - School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western 
      Australia, Australia; Australian Institute of Sport, Australia; Western 
      Australian Institute of Sport, Australia. Electronic address: 
      alannah.mckay@ausport.gov.au.
FAU - Peeling, Peter
AU  - Peeling P
AD  - School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western 
      Australia, Australia; Western Australian Institute of Sport, Australia.
FAU - Pyne, David B
AU  - Pyne DB
AD  - Australian Institute of Sport, Australia; Research Institute for Sport and 
      Exercise, University of Canberra, Australia.
FAU - Welvaert, Marijke
AU  - Welvaert M
AD  - Australian Institute of Sport, Australia; Research Institute for Sport and 
      Exercise, University of Canberra, Australia.
FAU - Tee, Nicolin
AU  - Tee N
AD  - Australian Institute of Sport, Australia.
FAU - Leckey, Jill J
AU  - Leckey JJ
AD  - Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, 
      Australia.
FAU - Sharma, Avish P
AU  - Sharma AP
AD  - Australian Institute of Sport, Australia; Research Institute for Sport and 
      Exercise, University of Canberra, Australia.
FAU - Ross, Megan L R
AU  - Ross MLR
AD  - Australian Institute of Sport, Australia; Mary MacKillop Institute for Health 
      Research, Australian Catholic University, Australia.
FAU - Garvican-Lewis, Laura A
AU  - Garvican-Lewis LA
AD  - Australian Institute of Sport, Australia; Mary MacKillop Institute for Health 
      Research, Australian Catholic University, Australia.
FAU - van Swelm, Rachel P L
AU  - van Swelm RPL
AD  - Department of Laboratory Medicine (TML 830), Radboud University Medical Center, 
      The Netherlands; Hepcidinanalysis.com, The Netherlands.
FAU - Laarakkers, Coby M
AU  - Laarakkers CM
AD  - Department of Laboratory Medicine (TML 830), Radboud University Medical Center, 
      The Netherlands; Hepcidinanalysis.com, The Netherlands.
FAU - Burke, Louise M
AU  - Burke LM
AD  - Australian Institute of Sport, Australia; Mary MacKillop Institute for Health 
      Research, Australian Catholic University, Australia.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20190104
PL  - Australia
TA  - J Sci Med Sport
JT  - Journal of science and medicine in sport
JID - 9812598
RN  - 0 (Dietary Carbohydrates)
RN  - 0 (Hepcidins)
RN  - 0 (IL6 protein, human)
RN  - 0 (Interleukin-6)
RN  - E1UOL152H7 (Iron)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Athletes
MH  - *Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted
MH  - Dietary Carbohydrates/*administration & dosage
MH  - Female
MH  - Hepcidins/*blood
MH  - Humans
MH  - Interleukin-6/blood
MH  - Iron/*metabolism
MH  - Male
MH  - *Sports Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
MH  - Walking/*physiology
MH  - Young Adult
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Ferritin
OT  - Hepcidin
OT  - Interleukin-6
OT  - Iron metabolism
OT  - LCHF diet
OT  - Race-walkers
EDAT- 2019/01/12 06:00
MHDA- 2019/06/14 06:00
CRDT- 2019/01/12 06:00
PHST- 2018/11/05 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2018/12/11 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2018/12/29 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/01/12 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/06/14 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2019/01/12 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S1440-2440(18)31085-5 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.jsams.2018.12.015 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Sci Med Sport. 2019 Jun;22(6):635-640. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2018.12.015. Epub 
      2019 Jan 4.