PMID- 30632770 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20200331 LR - 20200331 IS - 1549-7852 (Electronic) IS - 1040-8398 (Linking) VI - 60 IP - 4 DP - 2020 TI - Using probiotics for type 2 diabetes mellitus intervention: Advances, questions, and potential. PG - 670-683 LID - 10.1080/10408398.2018.1547268 [doi] AB - Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has become one of the most prevalent diseases on earth and several treatments have been developed. However, the current intervention approaches have not been as effective as expected. One promising supplementary strategy is the use of probiotics through direct or indirect approaches. Probiotics are microbial food cultures conferring health-promoting properties. In this review, we summarized the current theories and mechanisms of T2DM intervention using probiotics and hypothesize that probiotics intervene T2DM during its onsetting, developing, and complicating. For the first time, we comprehensively analyzed T2DM intervention in animal models using both wide-type probiotics in different forms and using recombinant probiotics. Then, probiotic intervention in T2DM patients was reviewed and the main results were compared with that obtained from animal studies. Finally yet importantly, remaining questions that are important such as in which form and in which state, as well as the future potential of probiotic intervention in T2DM were discussed from a perspective of food microbiologists. In conclusion, probiotic intervention in T2DM is promising but there are still many important issues unsolved yet. Critical review of the advances, questions, and potential of probiotic intervention in T2DM promotes the development of this approach for further application in humans. FAU - Sun, Zhongke AU - Sun Z AD - College of Life Sciences and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China. AD - College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China. FAU - Sun, Xuejiao AU - Sun X AD - College of Life Sciences and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China. AD - College of Life Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. FAU - Li, Juan AU - Li J AD - College of Life Sciences and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China. FAU - Li, Zhaoyang AU - Li Z AD - College of Life Sciences and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China. FAU - Hu, Qingwei AU - Hu Q AD - Zhoukou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Zhoukou, China. FAU - Li, Lili AU - Li L AD - College of Life Sciences and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China. FAU - Hao, Xinqi AU - Hao X AD - College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China. FAU - Song, Maoping AU - Song M AD - College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China. FAU - Li, Chengwei AU - Li C AD - College of Life Sciences and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China. AD - College of Life Sciences, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20190111 PL - United States TA - Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr JT - Critical reviews in food science and nutrition JID - 8914818 SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*microbiology/*therapy MH - Humans MH - Probiotics/*therapeutic use OTO - NOTNLM OT - Probiotics OT - diabetes mellitus OT - glucose OT - immunity OT - insulin EDAT- 2019/01/12 06:00 MHDA- 2020/04/01 06:00 CRDT- 2019/01/12 06:00 PHST- 2019/01/12 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2020/04/01 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2019/01/12 06:00 [entrez] AID - 10.1080/10408398.2018.1547268 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2020;60(4):670-683. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1547268. Epub 2019 Jan 11.