PMID- 30641416
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20190318
LR  - 20190318
IS  - 1879-1514 (Electronic)
IS  - 0166-445X (Linking)
VI  - 208
DP  - 2019 Mar
TI  - Recovery of Alexandrium tamarense under chronic exposure of TiO(2) nanoparticles 
      and possible mechanisms.
PG  - 98-108
LID - S0166-445X(18)30932-9 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.01.007 [doi]
AB  - Harmful algal blooms (HAB), heavily influenced by human activities, pose serious 
      hazard to aquatic ecology and human health. In this study, we monitored the 
      physiological responses and paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins (PSTs) of the 
      toxin-producing HAB species Alexandrium tamarense under titanium dioxide 
      nanoparticles ((n)TiO(2)) exposure in the concentration range of 2-320 mg L(-1) 
      over a period of 13 days. The results showed the acute inhibition of (n)TiO(2) on 
      the algal growth, photosynthetic efficiency and esterase activity at all 
      concentrations except 2 mg L(-1). Nonetheless, they recovered after 13 days 
      (n)TiO(2) exposure from 20 to 80 mg L(-1). The EC(50) value increased from 
      85.1 mg L(-1) in Day 4 to 140.9 mg L(-1) in Day 13. The physiological recovery 
      after prolonged exposure may result from the elimination of excess reactive 
      oxygen species (ROS), a combined outcome of increased (n)TiO(2) aggregation and 
      algal antioxidant defense mechanisms. This observation is supported by the 
      immediately increased antioxidant enzyme activities, including the superoxide 
      dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities upon (n)TiO(2) exposure. Moreover, 
      the production of PSTs in A. tamarense significantly increased by 1.41-1.76 folds 
      after chronic (n)TiO(2) exposure at all tested concentrations (p < 0.05), which 
      might also be an adaptive response for the microalgae to overcome the stresses. 
      In particular, the proportions of highly-toxic PSTs analogues GTX2/3, STX and 
      dcSTX were significantly increased upon (n)TiO(2) exposure (p < 0.05). Hence, the 
      chronic (n)TiO(2) exposure might aggravate the ecological impact of HABs. 
      Furthermore investigations on different HAB species, especially those 
      toxin-producing ones, and detail physiological responses are obviously needed.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Li, Manlu
AU  - Li M
AD  - Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China; School 
      of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
FAU - Jiang, Yuelu
AU  - Jiang Y
AD  - Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China; School 
      of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China. Electronic address: 
      jiang.yuelu@sz.tsinghua.edu.cn.
FAU - Chuang, Chia-Ying
AU  - Chuang CY
AD  - Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
FAU - Zhou, Jin
AU  - Zhou J
AD  - Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China; School 
      of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
FAU - Zhu, Xiaoshan
AU  - Zhu X
AD  - Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China; School 
      of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
FAU - Chen, Daoyi
AU  - Chen D
AD  - Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China; School 
      of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China. Electronic address: 
      chen.daoyi@sz.tsinghua.edu.cn.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20190109
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Aquat Toxicol
JT  - Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands)
JID - 8500246
RN  - 0 (Reactive Oxygen Species)
RN  - 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical)
RN  - 15FIX9V2JP (titanium dioxide)
RN  - D1JT611TNE (Titanium)
RN  - EC 3.1.- (Esterases)
SB  - IM
MH  - Dinoflagellida/drug effects/growth & development/*physiology
MH  - Esterases/metabolism
MH  - Extracellular Polymeric Substance Matrix/chemistry
MH  - Harmful Algal Bloom/drug effects
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hydrodynamics
MH  - Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects
MH  - Nanoparticles/*toxicity/ultrastructure
MH  - Particle Size
MH  - Photosynthesis/drug effects
MH  - Phytoplankton/drug effects
MH  - Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
MH  - Seawater/chemistry
MH  - Shellfish Poisoning
MH  - Titanium/*toxicity
MH  - Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Engineered nanoparticles
OT  - Growth
OT  - Oxidative stress
OT  - Paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins
OT  - Recovery
EDAT- 2019/01/15 06:00
MHDA- 2019/03/19 06:00
CRDT- 2019/01/15 06:00
PHST- 2018/10/26 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/01/09 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2019/01/09 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/01/15 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/03/19 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2019/01/15 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S0166-445X(18)30932-9 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.01.007 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Aquat Toxicol. 2019 Mar;208:98-108. doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.01.007. Epub 2019 
      Jan 9.