PMID- 30646581 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20190606 LR - 20200309 IS - 1999-4915 (Electronic) IS - 1999-4915 (Linking) VI - 11 IP - 1 DP - 2019 Jan 14 TI - The Phylogeny and Pathogenesis of Sacbrood Virus (SBV) Infection in European Honey Bees, Apis mellifera. LID - 10.3390/v11010061 [doi] LID - 61 AB - RNA viruses that contain single-stranded RNA genomes of positive sense make up the largest group of pathogens infecting honey bees. Sacbrood virus (SBV) is one of the most widely distributed honey bee viruses and infects the larvae of honey bees, resulting in failure to pupate and death. Among all of the viruses infecting honey bees, SBV has the greatest number of complete genomes isolated from both European honey bees Apis mellifera and Asian honey bees A. cerana worldwide. To enhance our understanding of the evolution and pathogenicity of SBV, in this study, we present the first report of whole genome sequences of two U.S. strains of SBV. The complete genome sequences of the two U.S. SBV strains were deposited in GenBank under accession numbers: MG545286.1 and MG545287.1. Both SBV strains show the typical genomic features of the Iflaviridae family. The phylogenetic analysis of the single polyprotein coding region of the U.S. strains, and other GenBank SBV submissions revealed that SBV strains split into two distinct lineages, possibly reflecting host affiliation. The phylogenetic analysis based on the 5'UTR revealed a monophyletic clade with the deep parts of the tree occupied by SBV strains from both A. cerane and A. mellifera, and the tips of branches of the tree occupied by SBV strains from A. mellifera. The study of the cold stress on the pathogenesis of the SBV infection showed that cold stress could have profound effects on sacbrood disease severity manifested by increased mortality of infected larvae. This result suggests that the high prevalence of sacbrood disease in early spring may be due to the fluctuating temperatures during the season. This study will contribute to a better understanding of the evolution and pathogenesis of SBV infection in honey bees, and have important epidemiological relevance. FAU - Li, Jianghong AU - Li J AD - USDA-ARS Bee Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Bldg. 306, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA. leejh6972@126.com. AD - College of Bee Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China. leejh6972@126.com. FAU - Wang, Tingyun AU - Wang T AD - College of Bee Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China. wangtingyun3@126.com. FAU - Evans, Jay D AU - Evans JD AD - USDA-ARS Bee Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Bldg. 306, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA. Jay.evans@ars.usda.gov. FAU - Rose, Robyn AU - Rose R AD - USDA APHIS, National Program Manager for Honey Bee Health, Riverdale, MD 20737, USA. Robyn.I.Rose@aphis.usda.gov. FAU - Zhao, Yazhou AU - Zhao Y AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-8578-8949 AD - USDA-ARS Bee Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Bldg. 306, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA. zhaoyazhou@caas.cn. AD - Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing 100081, China. zhaoyazhou@caas.cn. FAU - Li, Zhiguo AU - Li Z AD - USDA-ARS Bee Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Bldg. 306, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA. zhiguo.li@fafu.edu.cn. AD - College of Bee Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China. zhiguo.li@fafu.edu.cn. FAU - Li, Jilian AU - Li J AD - Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing 100081, China. bumblebeeljl@hotmail.com. FAU - Huang, Shaokang AU - Huang S AD - College of Bee Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China. skhuang@fafu.edu.cn. FAU - Heerman, Matthew AU - Heerman M AD - USDA-ARS Bee Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Bldg. 306, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA. Matthew.Heerman@ARS.USDA.GOV. FAU - Rodriguez-Garcia, Cristina AU - Rodriguez-Garcia C AD - USDA-ARS Bee Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Bldg. 306, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA. cristinarodriguez.crg@gmail.com. AD - Laboratorio de Patologia Apicola, Centro de Investigacion Apicola y Agroambiental, IRIAF, Consejeria de Agricultura de la Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha, 19180 Marchamalo, Spain. cristinarodriguez.crg@gmail.com. FAU - Banmekea, Olubukola AU - Banmekea O AD - USDA-ARS Bee Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Bldg. 306, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA. olubukola.banmeke@bison.howard.edu. FAU - Brister, J Rodney AU - Brister JR AD - National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA. jamesbr@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. FAU - Hatcher, Eneida L AU - Hatcher EL AD - National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA. eneida.hatcher@nih.gov. FAU - Cao, Lianfei AU - Cao L AD - USDA-ARS Bee Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Bldg. 306, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA. lianfeicaocn@gmail.com. AD - Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China. lianfeicaocn@gmail.com. FAU - Hamilton, Michele AU - Hamilton M AD - USDA-ARS Bee Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Bldg. 306, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA. Michele.hamilton@ars.usda.gov. FAU - Chen, Yanping AU - Chen Y AD - USDA-ARS Bee Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Bldg. 306, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA. judy.chen@ars.usda.gov. LA - eng GR - 18-8130-0747-IA/USDA-APHIS/International PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. DEP - 20190114 PL - Switzerland TA - Viruses JT - Viruses JID - 101509722 RN - Sacbrood virus SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Bees/*virology MH - Cold-Shock Response MH - Genetic Variation MH - *Genome, Viral MH - Insect Viruses/*genetics/pathogenicity MH - *Phylogeny MH - RNA Virus Infections MH - RNA Viruses/genetics/*pathogenicity MH - United States MH - Whole Genome Sequencing PMC - PMC6357158 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Sacbrood virus (SBV) OT - cold stress OT - genetic variation OT - genome OT - honey bee OT - pathogenicity OT - phylogeny COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. EDAT- 2019/01/17 06:00 MHDA- 2019/06/07 06:00 PMCR- 2019/01/01 CRDT- 2019/01/17 06:00 PHST- 2018/08/15 00:00 [received] PHST- 2019/01/05 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2019/01/09 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2019/01/17 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2019/01/17 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2019/06/07 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2019/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - v11010061 [pii] AID - viruses-11-00061 [pii] AID - 10.3390/v11010061 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Viruses. 2019 Jan 14;11(1):61. doi: 10.3390/v11010061.