PMID- 30648511
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20200207
LR  - 20200207
IS  - 1875-6417 (Electronic)
IS  - 1573-3998 (Linking)
VI  - 15
IP  - 5
DP  - 2019
TI  - Type-3c Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetes of Exocrine Pancreas - An Update.
PG  - 382-394
LID - 10.2174/1573399815666190115145702 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: The incidence of diabetes is increasing steeply; the number of 
      diabetics has doubled over the past three decades. Surprisingly, the knowledge of 
      type 3c diabetes mellitus (T3cDM) is still unclear to the researchers, scientist 
      and medical practitioners, leading towards erroneous diagnosis, which is 
      sometimes misdiagnosed as type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), or more frequently 
      type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This review is aimed to outline recent 
      information on the etiology, pathophysiology, diagnostic procedures, and 
      therapeutic management of T3cDM patients. METHODS: The literature related to 
      T3cDM was thoroughly searched from the public domains and reviewed extensively to 
      construct this article. Further, existing literature related to the other forms 
      of diabetes is reviewed for projecting the differences among the different forms 
      of diabetes. Detailed and updated information related to epidemiological 
      evidence, risk factors, symptoms, diagnosis, pathogenesis and management is 
      structured in this review. RESULTS: T3cDM is often misdiagnosed as T2DM due to 
      the insufficient knowledge differentiating between T2DM and T3cDM. The 
      pathogenesis of T3cDM is explained which is often linked to the history of 
      chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer. Inflammation, and fibrosis in pancreatic 
      tissue lead to damage both endocrine and exocrine functions, thus leading to 
      insulin/glucagon insufficiency and pancreatic enzyme deficiency. CONCLUSION: 
      Future advancements should be accompanied by the establishment of a quick 
      diagnostic tool through the understanding of potential biomarkers of the disease 
      and newer treatments for better control of the diseased condition.
CI  - Copyright(c) Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at 
      epub@benthamscience.net.
FAU - Bhattamisra, Subrat Kumar
AU  - Bhattamisra SK
AD  - Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical 
      University, Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
FAU - Siang, Tiew Chin
AU  - Siang TC
AD  - School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala 
      Lumpur, Malaysia.
FAU - Rong, Chieng Yi
AU  - Rong CY
AD  - School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala 
      Lumpur, Malaysia.
FAU - Annan, Naveenya Chetty
AU  - Annan NC
AD  - School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala 
      Lumpur, Malaysia.
FAU - Sean, Esther Ho Yung
AU  - Sean EHY
AD  - School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala 
      Lumpur, Malaysia.
FAU - Xi, Lim Wen
AU  - Xi LW
AD  - School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala 
      Lumpur, Malaysia.
FAU - Lyn, Ong Siu
AU  - Lyn OS
AD  - School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala 
      Lumpur, Malaysia.
FAU - Shan, Liew Hui
AU  - Shan LH
AD  - School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala 
      Lumpur, Malaysia.
FAU - Choudhury, Hira
AU  - Choudhury H
AD  - Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International 
      Medical University, Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
FAU - Pandey, Manisha
AU  - Pandey M
AD  - Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International 
      Medical University, Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
FAU - Gorain, Bapi
AU  - Gorain B
AD  - School of Pharmacy, Taylor's University, 1, Jalan Taylors, 47500 Subang Jaya, 
      Selangor, Malaysia.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PL  - United Arab Emirates
TA  - Curr Diabetes Rev
JT  - Current diabetes reviews
JID - 101253260
RN  - 0 (Insulin)
SB  - IM
MH  - *Diabetes Mellitus/diagnosis
MH  - *Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/diagnosis/therapy
MH  - Humans
MH  - Insulin
MH  - Pancreas/physiopathology
MH  - *Pancreas, Exocrine/physiopathology
MH  - *Pancreatic Diseases/diagnosis/therapy
MH  - *Pancreatitis, Chronic/physiopathology
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Type 3c diabetes mellitus
OT  - chronic pancreatitis
OT  - glucagon
OT  - insulin
OT  - pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
OT  - pancreatogenic diabetes.
EDAT- 2019/01/17 06:00
MHDA- 2020/02/08 06:00
CRDT- 2019/01/17 06:00
PHST- 2018/06/07 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2018/11/02 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2019/01/08 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/01/17 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/02/08 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2019/01/17 06:00 [entrez]
AID - CDR-EPUB-95804 [pii]
AID - 10.2174/1573399815666190115145702 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Curr Diabetes Rev. 2019;15(5):382-394. doi: 10.2174/1573399815666190115145702.