PMID- 30660575
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20200914
LR  - 20200914
IS  - 1573-2509 (Electronic)
IS  - 0920-9964 (Linking)
VI  - 213
DP  - 2019 Nov
TI  - Elevated hair cortisol is associated with childhood maltreatment and cognitive 
      impairment in schizophrenia and in bipolar disorders.
PG  - 65-71
LID - S0920-9964(19)30011-8 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.schres.2019.01.011 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: The neural diathesis-stress model is useful to understand 
      schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar (BD) disorders. Childhood maltreatment could 
      affect the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA)-axis and lead to chronic changes 
      in stress-sensitivity, which can be measured with hair cortisol concentrations 
      (HCC), representing long-term, cumulative cortisol levels. Here we investigated 
      if childhood trauma experiences are associated with chronic changes in the HPA 
      axis in severe mental disorders. METHODS: Participants with SZ or BD (N = 63) and 
      healthy controls (N = 94) were included, and HCC was measured by ELISA. History 
      of childhood maltreatment was assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire 
      (CTQ). Global function and symptom levels were obtained using the Global 
      Assessment of Functioning (GAF) Scale and the Positive and Negative Syndrome 
      Scale (PANSS). A neuropsychological test battery (MATRICS) was performed to 
      assess cognitive functions. RESULTS: Our study shows for the first time that 
      patients with a history of childhood maltreatment have higher HCC relative to 
      both healthy controls and patients without a history of childhood maltreatment 
      (P = 0.01, np(2) = 0.046). In addition, patients experiencing a mood episode had 
      higher HCC than patients in remission (P = 0.03). Lastly, we are the first to 
      show that patients with higher HCC had poorer cognitive performance, specifically 
      working memory (P = 0.01). All associations were irrespective of diagnostic 
      group. A factor analysis confirmed a subgroup within the patients characterized 
      by childhood maltreatment and elevated HCC. CONCLUSIONS: Findings support the 
      neural diathesis-stress model in SZ and BD pointing to long-term changes in 
      HPA-axis following childhood maltreatment experiences.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2019. Published by Elsevier B.V.
FAU - Aas, Monica
AU  - Aas M
AD  - NORMENT K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical 
      Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo University Hospital, Norway. Electronic 
      address: monica.aas@medisin.uio.no.
FAU - Pizzagalli, Diego A
AU  - Pizzagalli DA
AD  - Center for Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, 
      MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
FAU - Laskemoen, Jannicke Fjaera
AU  - Laskemoen JF
AD  - NORMENT K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical 
      Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo University Hospital, Norway.
FAU - Reponen, Elina J
AU  - Reponen EJ
AD  - NORMENT K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical 
      Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo University Hospital, Norway.
FAU - Ueland, Torill
AU  - Ueland T
AD  - NORMENT K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical 
      Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo University Hospital, Norway.
FAU - Melle, Ingrid
AU  - Melle I
AD  - NORMENT K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical 
      Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo University Hospital, Norway.
FAU - Agartz, Ingrid
AU  - Agartz I
AD  - NORMENT K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical 
      Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Department of 
      Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
FAU - Steen, Nils Eiel
AU  - Steen NE
AD  - NORMENT K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical 
      Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo University Hospital, Norway.
FAU - Andreassen, Ole A
AU  - Andreassen OA
AD  - NORMENT K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical 
      Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo University Hospital, Norway.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20190116
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Schizophr Res
JT  - Schizophrenia research
JID - 8804207
RN  - WI4X0X7BPJ (Hydrocortisone)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Adult
MH  - *Adverse Childhood Experiences
MH  - Bipolar Disorder/*metabolism
MH  - *Child Abuse
MH  - Cognitive Dysfunction/*metabolism
MH  - Female
MH  - Hair/chemistry
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hydrocortisone/*metabolism
MH  - Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System/metabolism
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Schizophrenia/*metabolism
MH  - Young Adult
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Bipolar disorders
OT  - Childhood maltreatment
OT  - Clinical characteristics
OT  - Cognitive functioning
OT  - Hair cortisol concentrations
OT  - Schizophrenia
EDAT- 2019/01/21 06:00
MHDA- 2020/09/15 06:00
CRDT- 2019/01/21 06:00
PHST- 2018/10/29 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/01/08 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2019/01/10 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/01/21 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/09/15 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2019/01/21 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S0920-9964(19)30011-8 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.schres.2019.01.011 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Schizophr Res. 2019 Nov;213:65-71. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.01.011. Epub 2019 
      Jan 16.