PMID- 30678612
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20200227
LR  - 20200227
IS  - 1875-533X (Electronic)
IS  - 0929-8673 (Linking)
VI  - 27
IP  - 2
DP  - 2020
TI  - Obesity Therapy: How and Why?
PG  - 174-186
LID - 10.2174/0929867326666190124121725 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: Obesity represents the second preventable mortality cause worldwide, 
      and is very often associated with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). The first line 
      treatment is lifestyle modification to weight-loss, but for those who fail to 
      achieve the goal or have difficulty in maintaining achieved results, 
      pharmacological treatment is needed. Few drugs are available today, because of 
      their side effects. OBJECTIVE: We aim to review actual pharmacological management 
      of obese patients, highlighting differences between Food and Drug Administration 
      - and European Medicine Agency-approved molecules, and pointing out 
      self-medications readily obtainable and widely distributed. METHODS: Papers on 
      obesity, weight loss, pharmacotherapy, self- medication and diet-aid products 
      were selected using Medline. Research articles, systematic reviews, clinical 
      trials and meta-analyses were screened. RESULTS: Anti-obesity drugs with central 
      mechanisms, such as phentermine and lorcaserin, are available in USA, but not in 
      Europe. Phentermine/topiramate and naltrexone/bupropion combinations are now 
      available, even though the former is still under investigation from EMA. 
      Orlistat, with peripheral mechanisms, represents the only drug approved for 
      weight reduction in adolescents. Liraglutide has been approved at higher dose for 
      obesity. Anti-obesity drugs, readily obtainable from the internet, include 
      crude-drug products and supplements for which there is often a lack of compliance 
      to national regulatory standards. CONCLUSIONS: Mechanisms of weight loss drugs 
      include the reduction of energy intake or the increase in energy expenditure and 
      sense of satiety as well as the decrease of hunger or the reduction in calories 
      absorption. Few drugs are approved, and differences exist between USA and Europe. 
      Moreover, herbal medicines and supplements often sold on the internet and widely 
      used by obese patients, present a risk of adverse effects.
CI  - Copyright(c) Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at 
      epub@benthamscience.net.
FAU - Paccosi, Sara
AU  - Paccosi S
AD  - Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology Section, 
      University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
FAU - Cresci, Barbara
AU  - Cresci B
AD  - Diabetology, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy.
FAU - Pala, Laura
AU  - Pala L
AD  - Diabetology, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy.
FAU - Rotella, Carlo Maria
AU  - Rotella CM
AD  - Diabetology, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy.
AD  - Department of Biomedical Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Endocrine Unit, 
      University of Florence, Florence Italy.
FAU - Parenti, Astrid
AU  - Parenti A
AD  - Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology Section, 
      University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United Arab Emirates
TA  - Curr Med Chem
JT  - Current medicinal chemistry
JID - 9440157
RN  - 0 (Anti-Obesity Agents)
RN  - C045TQL4WP (Phentermine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Anti-Obesity Agents
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
MH  - Europe
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Obesity/therapy
MH  - Phentermine
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Obesity
OT  - action-mechanism
OT  - dietary supplements
OT  - pharmacology
OT  - self-medication
OT  - type-2 diabetes.
EDAT- 2019/01/27 06:00
MHDA- 2020/02/28 06:00
CRDT- 2019/01/26 06:00
PHST- 2018/02/13 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2018/05/11 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2018/12/24 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/01/27 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/02/28 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2019/01/26 06:00 [entrez]
AID - CMC-EPUB-96075 [pii]
AID - 10.2174/0929867326666190124121725 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Curr Med Chem. 2020;27(2):174-186. doi: 10.2174/0929867326666190124121725.