PMID- 30706251
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20201002
LR  - 20201002
IS  - 1573-2835 (Electronic)
IS  - 0091-0627 (Linking)
VI  - 47
IP  - 8
DP  - 2019 Aug
TI  - Exploring the Variability in Reaction Times of Preschoolers at Risk of 
      Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: an ex-Gaussian Analysis.
PG  - 1315-1326
LID - 10.1007/s10802-018-00508-z [doi]
AB  - Reaction times (RTs) are typically slower and more variable in individuals with 
      attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Analysis of the ex-Gaussian RT 
      distribution, which is described by mu, sigma (mean and standard deviation, 
      respectively, of the normal distribution) and tau (that of exponential 
      distribution), reveals that individuals with ADHD do not display overall slower 
      RTs but have a high proportion of extremely slow RTs, represented by a high tau 
      value. Although this is a vital component for describing ADHD-related RT 
      variability in school-aged children, adolescents, and adults, it has not been 
      thoroughly studied at the preschool age. We assessed 65 preschoolers at risk of 
      ADHD and 98 typically developing preschoolers with the Conners' Kiddie Continuous 
      Performance Test (K-CPT) and parental and teacher reports of ADHD symptoms. We 
      found that preschoolers at risk of ADHD had greater values for RT standard 
      deviation, sigma, and tau than typically developing preschoolers at long 
      inter-stimulus intervals (ISIs) (3 s), but not at short ISIs (1.5 s). This 
      suggests that attention problems in preschool children may only be apparent in 
      the tasks with a relatively slow event rate. Our study demonstrates that the 
      ex-Gaussian tau value is essential for describing the inattentive component of 
      task performance in preschoolers with heightened ADHD symptoms. Furthermore, the 
      fact that the tau effect was modulated by ISI suggests that the longer duration 
      (3 s vs. 1.5 s) is a non-optimal energetic state in preschoolers at risk of ADHD, 
      and that this might account for the subtle attentional flaw in task performance.
FAU - Hwang-Gu, Shoou-Lian
AU  - Hwang-Gu SL
AD  - Division of Clinical Psychology, Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences, 
      College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
AD  - Department of Child Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, 
      Taiwan.
FAU - Chen, Yu-Chi
AU  - Chen YC
AD  - Division of Clinical Psychology, Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences, 
      College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
FAU - Liang, Sophie Hsin-Yi
AU  - Liang SH
AD  - Department of Child Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, 
      Taiwan.
FAU - Ni, Hsing-Chang
AU  - Ni HC
AD  - Department of Child Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, 
      Taiwan.
FAU - Lin, Hsiang-Yuan
AU  - Lin HY
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, and College of 
      Medicine, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan.
FAU - Lin, Chiao-Fan
AU  - Lin CF
AD  - Department of Child Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, 
      Taiwan.
FAU - Gau, Susan Shur-Fen
AU  - Gau SS
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-2718-8221
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, and College of 
      Medicine, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan. 
      gaushufe@ntu.edu.tw.
LA  - eng
GR  - MOST 103-2410-H-182-003-MY3/Ministry of Science and Technology, 
      Taiwan/International
GR  - NMRPD1D0131-3/Chang Gung University/International
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - United States
TA  - J Abnorm Child Psychol
JT  - Journal of abnormal child psychology
JID - 0364547
SB  - IM
MH  - Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/*physiopathology
MH  - Child, Preschool
MH  - Data Interpretation, Statistical
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Psychomotor Performance/*physiology
MH  - Reaction Time/*physiology
MH  - Risk
MH  - Statistical Distributions
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - ADHD
OT  - Ex-Gaussian
OT  - Preschool children
OT  - Reaction time
EDAT- 2019/02/02 06:00
MHDA- 2020/10/03 06:00
CRDT- 2019/02/02 06:00
PHST- 2019/02/02 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/10/03 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2019/02/02 06:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1007/s10802-018-00508-z [pii]
AID - 10.1007/s10802-018-00508-z [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2019 Aug;47(8):1315-1326. doi: 
      10.1007/s10802-018-00508-z.