PMID- 30726255
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20191113
LR  - 20200309
IS  - 1932-6203 (Electronic)
IS  - 1932-6203 (Linking)
VI  - 14
IP  - 2
DP  - 2019
TI  - Aggregation and interfacial phenomenon of amphiphilic drug under the influence of 
      pharmaceutical excipients (green/biocompatible gemini surfactant).
PG  - e0211077
LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0211077 [doi]
LID - e0211077
AB  - In the current study, we have examined the interaction amongst an antidepressant 
      drug amitriptyline hydrochloride (AMH) and ethane-1, 2-diyl 
      bis(N,N-dimethyl-N-cetylammoniumacetoxy) dichloride (16-E2-16, a green gemini 
      surfactant) through tensiometric and fluorimetric techniques in 
      aqueous/electrolyte/urea solutions. Significant variations are observed in the 
      various evaluated parameters in the present study. Gemini 16-E2-16 has 
      outstanding surface properties along with a much lower cmc value, demonstrating 
      very little toxicity as well as considerable antimicrobial activity. The cmc 
      values of mixtures decrease through increase in mole fraction (alpha1) of 16-E2-16, 
      which specifies the nonideality of the solution mixtures, along with 
      demonstrating the occurrence of mixed micellization too. Negative betaRub values 
      signify on the whole attractive force of interaction between constituents of 
      mixed micelles. Owing to the incidence of electrolyte NaCl (50 mmol.kg-1), 
      lowering of the micelles' surface charge happens, resulting in aggregation taking 
      place at lower concentration while the presence of urea (NH2CONH2) halts 
      micellization taking place, which means the cmc value increases in the attendance 
      of urea. The [Formula: see text] values for all systems were negative along with 
      the presence of electrolyte/urea. The excess free energy (Gex) of studied mixed 
      systems was also estimated and found to be negative for all the systems. Using 
      the fluorescence quenching method, the micelle aggregation number (Nagg) was 
      evaluated and it was found that the contribution of gemini surfactant was always 
      more than that of the AMH and their value enhances in the existence of 
      electrolyte while decreasing in the attendance of NH2CONH2 in the system. In 
      addition, other fluorescence parameters such as micropolarity (I1/I3), dielectric 
      constant (Dexp) as well as Stern-Volmer binding constants (Ksv) of mixed systems 
      were evaluated and the results showed the synergistic performance of the AMH + 
      16-E2-16 mixtures. Along with tensiometric and fluorimetric techniques, FT-IR 
      spectroscopy was also engaged to reveal the interaction among constituents.
FAU - Abdul Rub, Malik
AU  - Abdul Rub M
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4798-5308
AD  - Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 
      Saudi Arabia.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20190206
PL  - United States
TA  - PLoS One
JT  - PloS one
JID - 101285081
RN  - 0 (16-E2-16 gemini surfactant)
RN  - 0 (Excipients)
RN  - 0 (Micelles)
RN  - 0 (Quaternary Ammonium Compounds)
RN  - 059QF0KO0R (Water)
RN  - 1806D8D52K (Amitriptyline)
RN  - TE7660XO1C (Glycine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Amitriptyline/*chemistry
MH  - Chemistry, Pharmaceutical
MH  - Excipients/*chemistry
MH  - Fluorescence
MH  - Glycine/*analogs & derivatives/chemistry
MH  - Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions
MH  - Micelles
MH  - Quaternary Ammonium Compounds/*chemistry
MH  - Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
MH  - Surface Properties
MH  - Water/chemistry
PMC - PMC6364909
COIS- The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
EDAT- 2019/02/07 06:00
MHDA- 2019/11/14 06:00
PMCR- 2019/02/06
CRDT- 2019/02/07 06:00
PHST- 2018/10/07 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/01/07 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/02/07 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2019/02/07 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/11/14 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2019/02/06 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - PONE-D-18-29103 [pii]
AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0211077 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - PLoS One. 2019 Feb 6;14(2):e0211077. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211077. 
      eCollection 2019.