PMID- 30748120
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20190902
LR  - 20210109
IS  - 1740-8709 (Electronic)
IS  - 1740-8695 (Print)
IS  - 1740-8695 (Linking)
VI  - 15 Suppl 1
IP  - Suppl 1
DP  - 2019 Jan
TI  - Perspectives on maternal, infant, and young child nutrition and family planning: 
      Considerations for rollout of integrated services in Mara and Kagera, Tanzania.
PG  - e12735
LID - 10.1111/mcn.12735 [doi]
LID - e12735
AB  - In Lake Zone, Tanzania, low contraceptive prevalence, closely spaced births, and 
      child stunting are common. Synergies exist between postpartum family planning 
      (PPFP) and maternal, infant, and young child nutrition (MIYCN), yet health 
      services are often provided in silos. This qualitative formative research study 
      aimed to identify barriers and facilitating factors for optimal nutrition and 
      PPFP practices in Mara and Kagera, Tanzania. Results informed the program design 
      of an integrated nutrition and family planning (FP) implementation approach. The 
      study involved in-depth interviews with mothers of infants under 1 year (n = 24), 
      grandmothers (n = 12), health providers (n = 6), and traditional birth attendants 
      (n = 12), and 14 focus group discussions with community health workers, fathers, 
      and community leaders. Findings reveal that breastfeeding initiation was often 
      delayed, and prelacteal feeding was common. Respondents linked insufficient 
      breast milk to inadequate maternal nutrition-in terms of the quality of the diet 
      and small quantities of food consumed by mothers. Breast milk insufficiency was 
      addressed through early introduction of foods and liquids. Mothers believed that 
      breastfeeding prevents pregnancy, regardless of the frequency or duration of 
      breastfeeding, yet were generally not aware of the lactational amenorrhea method 
      (LAM) of FP. Joint decision-making on FP was viewed as important, and women often 
      discussed it with their partner. Future programming should address misconceptions 
      about return to fecundity knowledge gaps and concerns about FP methods including 
      LAM; and perceptions regarding insufficient breast milk and early introduction of 
      foods which are impediments to optimal MIYCN and FP practices.
CI  - (c) 2019 The Authors. Maternal and Child Nutrition Published by John Wiley & Sons, 
      Ltd.
FAU - Cooper, Chelsea M
AU  - Cooper CM
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5708-0764
AD  - USAID's Maternal and Child Survival Program/Jhpiego, Washington, DC, USA.
FAU - Kavle, Justine A
AU  - Kavle JA
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-0439-6308
AD  - USAID's Maternal and Child Survival Program/PATH, Washington, DC, USA.
FAU - Nyoni, Joyce
AU  - Nyoni J
AD  - The Department of Sociology and Anthropology, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es 
      Salaam, Tanzania.
FAU - Drake, Mary
AU  - Drake M
AD  - USAID's Maternal and Child Survival Program/Jhpiego, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
FAU - Lemwayi, Ruth
AU  - Lemwayi R
AD  - USAID's Maternal and Child Survival Program/Jhpiego, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
FAU - Mabuga, Lemmy
AU  - Mabuga L
AD  - USAID's Maternal and Child Survival Program/Jhpiego, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
FAU - Pfitzer, Anne
AU  - Pfitzer A
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5438-508X
AD  - USAID's Maternal and Child Survival Program/Jhpiego, Washington, DC, USA.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
PL  - England
TA  - Matern Child Nutr
JT  - Maternal & child nutrition
JID - 101201025
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Adult
MH  - *Breast Feeding
MH  - Child Nutrition Disorders/epidemiology
MH  - Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
MH  - Child, Preschool
MH  - Community Health Services/*methods
MH  - Counseling
MH  - Family
MH  - *Family Planning Services
MH  - Female
MH  - Growth Disorders/epidemiology
MH  - Health Education
MH  - *Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice
MH  - Health Plan Implementation/methods
MH  - Humans
MH  - Infant
MH  - *Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
MH  - Infant, Newborn
MH  - Lactation
MH  - Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
MH  - Mothers
MH  - Postpartum Period
MH  - Pregnancy
MH  - Program Development
MH  - Tanzania/epidemiology
MH  - Young Adult
PMC - PMC6593746
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - breastfeeding
OT  - complementary feeding
OT  - family planning
OT  - infant feeding
OT  - lactational amenorrhea method
OT  - programme design
COIS- The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest. While USAID provided 
      reviews of the content in this article, authors had intellectual freedom to 
      incorporate feedback, as needed.
EDAT- 2019/02/13 06:00
MHDA- 2019/09/03 06:00
PMCR- 2019/02/12
CRDT- 2019/02/13 06:00
PHST- 2018/07/16 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2018/10/11 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2018/10/15 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/02/13 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2019/02/13 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/09/03 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2019/02/12 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - MCN12735 [pii]
AID - 10.1111/mcn.12735 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Matern Child Nutr. 2019 Jan;15 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):e12735. doi: 10.1111/mcn.12735.