PMID- 30754640
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20190529
LR  - 20211204
IS  - 1422-0067 (Electronic)
IS  - 1422-0067 (Linking)
VI  - 20
IP  - 3
DP  - 2019 Feb 11
TI  - mTOR Signaling in Cancer and mTOR Inhibitors in Solid Tumor Targeting Therapy.
LID - 10.3390/ijms20030755 [doi]
LID - 755
AB  - The mammalian or mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway plays a crucial 
      role in regulation of cell survival, metabolism, growth and protein synthesis in 
      response to upstream signals in both normal physiological and pathological 
      conditions, especially in cancer. Aberrant mTOR signaling resulting from genetic 
      alterations from different levels of the signal cascade is commonly observed in 
      various types of cancers. Upon hyperactivation, mTOR signaling promotes cell 
      proliferation and metabolism that contribute to tumor initiation and progression. 
      In addition, mTOR also negatively regulates autophagy via different ways. We 
      discuss mTOR signaling and its key upstream and downstream factors, the specific 
      genetic changes in the mTOR pathway and the inhibitors of mTOR applied as 
      therapeutic strategies in eight solid tumors. Although monotherapy and 
      combination therapy with mTOR inhibitors have been extensively applied in 
      preclinical and clinical trials in various cancer types, innovative therapies 
      with better efficacy and less drug resistance are still in great need, and new 
      biomarkers and deep sequencing technologies will facilitate these mTOR targeting 
      drugs benefit the cancer patients in personalized therapy.
FAU - Tian, Tian
AU  - Tian T
AD  - College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 
      100044, China. ttian@bjtu.edu.cn.
FAU - Li, Xiaoyi
AU  - Li X
AD  - College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 
      100044, China. 15271074@bjtu.edu.cn.
FAU - Zhang, Jinhua
AU  - Zhang J
AD  - College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 
      100044, China. zhangjh@bjtu.edu.cn.
LA  - eng
GR  - 2015CB553705/Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of 
      China/
GR  - 31301022/National Natural Science Foundation of China/
GR  - 81772497/National Natural Science Foundation of China/
GR  - 7162116/Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality/
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20190211
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Int J Mol Sci
JT  - International journal of molecular sciences
JID - 101092791
RN  - 0 (Biomarkers)
RN  - 0 (Protein Kinase Inhibitors)
RN  - EC 2.7.11.1 (TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/adverse effects/therapeutic use
MH  - Biomarkers
MH  - Clinical Trials as Topic
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Molecular Targeted Therapy
MH  - Neoplasms/*drug therapy/*metabolism/pathology
MH  - Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology/*therapeutic use
MH  - Signal Transduction/*drug effects
MH  - TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism
MH  - Treatment Outcome
PMC - PMC6387042
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - PI3K
OT  - cancer
OT  - inhibitor
OT  - mTOR
OT  - therapy
COIS- The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
EDAT- 2019/02/14 06:00
MHDA- 2019/05/30 06:00
PMCR- 2019/02/01
CRDT- 2019/02/14 06:00
PHST- 2019/01/10 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/01/28 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2019/02/01 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/02/14 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2019/02/14 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/05/30 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2019/02/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - ijms20030755 [pii]
AID - ijms-20-00755 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/ijms20030755 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Feb 11;20(3):755. doi: 10.3390/ijms20030755.