PMID- 30754665
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20201001
IS  - 2077-0383 (Print)
IS  - 2077-0383 (Electronic)
IS  - 2077-0383 (Linking)
VI  - 8
IP  - 2
DP  - 2019 Feb 11
TI  - Investigating the Role of Everolimus in mTOR Inhibition and Autophagy Promotion 
      as a Potential Host-Directed Therapeutic Target in Mycobacterium tuberculosis 
      Infection.
LID - 10.3390/jcm8020232 [doi]
LID - 232
AB  - Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious infectious disease caused by the pathogen 
      Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). The current therapy consists of a combination 
      of antibiotics over the course of four months. Current treatment protocols run 
      into problems due to the growing antibiotic resistance of Mtb and poor compliance 
      to the multi-drug-resistant TB treatment protocol. New treatments are being 
      investigated that target host intracellular processes that could be effective in 
      fighting Mtb infections. Autophagy is an intracellular process that is involved 
      in eliminating cellular debris, as well as intracellular pathogens. Mammalian 
      target of rapamycin (mTOR) is an enzyme involved in inhibiting this pathway. 
      Modulation of mTOR and the autophagy cellular machinery are being investigated as 
      potential therapeutic targets for novel Mtb treatments. In this review, we 
      discuss the background of Mtb pathogenesis, including its interaction with the 
      innate and adaptive immune systems, the mTOR and autophagy pathways, the 
      interaction of Mtb with these pathways, and finally, the drug everolimus, which 
      targets these pathways and is a potential novel therapy for TB treatment.
FAU - Cerni, Stephen
AU  - Cerni S
AD  - Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the 
      Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766-1854, USA. 
      stephen.cerni@westernu.edu.
FAU - Shafer, Dylan
AU  - Shafer D
AD  - Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the 
      Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766-1854, USA. 
      dylan.shafer@westernu.edu.
FAU - To, Kimberly
AU  - To K
AD  - Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, 
      Pomona, CA 91766-1854, USA. kimberly.to@westernu.edu.
FAU - Venketaraman, Vishwanath
AU  - Venketaraman V
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-2586-1160
AD  - Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the 
      Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766-1854, USA. 
      vvenketaraman@westernu.edu.
AD  - Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, 
      Pomona, CA 91766-1854, USA. vvenketaraman@westernu.edu.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20190211
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - J Clin Med
JT  - Journal of clinical medicine
JID - 101606588
PMC - PMC6406581
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Mycobacterium tuberculosis
OT  - host-directed therapies
OT  - immune responses
COIS- The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.
EDAT- 2019/02/14 06:00
MHDA- 2019/02/14 06:01
PMCR- 2019/02/11
CRDT- 2019/02/14 06:00
PHST- 2019/01/13 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/02/03 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2019/02/08 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/02/14 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2019/02/14 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/02/14 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2019/02/11 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - jcm8020232 [pii]
AID - jcm-08-00232 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/jcm8020232 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - J Clin Med. 2019 Feb 11;8(2):232. doi: 10.3390/jcm8020232.