PMID- 30759264
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20200430
LR  - 20200430
IS  - 1432-1912 (Electronic)
IS  - 0028-1298 (Linking)
VI  - 392
IP  - 6
DP  - 2019 Jun
TI  - Combined vildagliptin and memantine treatment downregulates expression of amyloid 
      precursor protein, and total and phosphorylated tau in a rat model of combined 
      Alzheimer's disease and type 2 diabetes.
PG  - 685-695
LID - 10.1007/s00210-019-01616-3 [doi]
AB  - There is increasing evidence of a link between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) 
      and cognitive decline. T2DM has been recognized as a risk factor for Alzheimer's 
      disease (AD). The aim of this research was to investigate the biochemical and 
      physiological effects of vildagliptin treatment alone, and in combination with 
      memantine, in a rat model of combined T2DM and AD. The experimental study was 
      carried out on 75 male Wistar rats weighing 180-200 g. The rats were divided into 
      five groups (n = 15): normal group, Alzheimer diabetic control, treated with 
      vildagliptin (10 mg/kg/day), treated with memantine (30 mg/kg/day), and treated 
      with combination of drugs. Serum glucose, lipid profile, acetylcholinesterase 
      (AChE), homocysteine (Hcy), and amyloid beta peptide (Abeta) were determined. Lipid 
      peroxidation was measured in brain tissue. Expression of amyloid precursor 
      protein (APP) in the brain was assessed by q-PCR, and expression of total and 
      phosphorylated tau was determined by Western Blotting. Vildagliptin alone and in 
      combination with memantine caused a decrease in blood glucose, HOMA-IR, lipid 
      profile, Hcy, malanodialdhyde, and acetylcholinesterase, and an increase in 
      apolipoprotein E. Expression of APP and phosphorylated tau protein was decreased 
      with combined vildagliptin and memantine treatment. In conclusion, vildagliptin 
      treatment, either alone or in combination with memantine, modulates AD-associated 
      biochemical changes and downregulates amyloid precursor protein and 
      phosphorylated tau expression in diabetic rats.
FAU - Khalaf, Samar S
AU  - Khalaf SS
AD  - Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 
      41522, Egypt. samarsamir483@yahoo.com.
FAU - Hafez, Mohamed M
AU  - Hafez MM
AD  - Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, 6th 
      of October, Egypt.
FAU - Mehanna, Eman T
AU  - Mehanna ET
AD  - Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 
      41522, Egypt.
FAU - Mesbah, Noha M
AU  - Mesbah NM
AD  - Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 
      41522, Egypt.
FAU - Abo-Elmatty, Dina M
AU  - Abo-Elmatty DM
AD  - Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 
      41522, Egypt.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20190213
PL  - Germany
TA  - Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol
JT  - Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology
JID - 0326264
RN  - 0 (Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor)
RN  - 0 (Lipids)
RN  - 0 (tau Proteins)
RN  - 5W494URQ81 (Streptozocin)
RN  - I6B4B2U96P (Vildagliptin)
RN  - W8O17SJF3T (Memantine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Alzheimer Disease/*drug therapy/metabolism
MH  - Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor/*genetics
MH  - Animals
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/*drug therapy/metabolism
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*drug therapy/metabolism
MH  - Down-Regulation
MH  - Lipids/blood
MH  - Male
MH  - Memantine/*administration & dosage
MH  - Phosphorylation
MH  - Rats
MH  - Rats, Wistar
MH  - Streptozocin
MH  - Vildagliptin/*administration & dosage
MH  - tau Proteins/*metabolism
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Alzheimer's disease
OT  - Amyloid beta peptide
OT  - Diabetes mellitus
OT  - Memantine
OT  - Tau protein
OT  - Vildagliptin
EDAT- 2019/02/14 06:00
MHDA- 2020/05/01 06:00
CRDT- 2019/02/14 06:00
PHST- 2018/08/29 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/01/15 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/02/14 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/05/01 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2019/02/14 06:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1007/s00210-019-01616-3 [pii]
AID - 10.1007/s00210-019-01616-3 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2019 Jun;392(6):685-695. doi: 
      10.1007/s00210-019-01616-3. Epub 2019 Feb 13.