PMID- 30763585
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20200526
LR  - 20201210
IS  - 1090-2422 (Electronic)
IS  - 0014-4827 (Linking)
VI  - 376
IP  - 2
DP  - 2019 Mar 15
TI  - Lipopolysaccharide mediates time-dependent macrophage M1/M2 polarization through 
      the Tim-3/Galectin-9 signalling pathway.
PG  - 124-132
LID - S0014-4827(19)30053-9 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.02.007 [doi]
AB  - Macrophages are dynamic cells whose phenotypes and functions are regulated by 
      surrounding inflammatory mediators after pathogenic infection. Imbalanced 
      polarization of classically activated (M1) and alternatively activated (M2) 
      macrophages is closely associated with infection-related complications and their 
      severity. The pathway of T-cell immunoglobulin mucin 3 (Tim-3)/galectin-9 (Gal-9) 
      plays an important role in infection by regulating macrophage function. However, 
      the effects of Tim-3/Gal-9 signalling on M1/M2 macrophage polarization are 
      unclear. Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were stimulated with 0.1 mug/mL 
      lipopolysaccharide (LPS). M1/M2 phenotypic macrophage markers were measured 0, 1, 
      3, 6, 12, and 24 h after stimulation, alpha-lactose was used to inhibit Gal-9, 
      anti-mouse Tim-3 antibody was used to block Tim-3, recombinant mouse-Gal-9 
      (rm-Gal-9) was used to activate Tim-3, which were aimed to verify the role of the 
      Tim-3/Gal-9 pathway in the balance of M1/M2 macrophages when stimulated with LPS. 
      Short-term LPS stimulation upregulated Gal-9 expression and secretion, enhanced 
      the association between Gal-9 and Tim-3, and activated the Tim-3/Gal-9 signalling 
      pathway, eventually inhibiting M1 polarization. Long-term stimulation 
      downregulated Gal-9 expression and secretion, reduced the association between 
      Gal-9 and Tim-3, and inhibited the Tim-3/Gal-9 signalling pathway, eventually 
      promoting M1 polarization, however, decreased M2 polarization and Gal-9 autocrine 
      functions. Overall, LPS had a biphasic effect on BMDMs polarization through the 
      Tim-3/Gal-9 pathway, which was time-dependent.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
FAU - Zhang, Wang
AU  - Zhang W
AD  - Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of 
      Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, PR China.
FAU - Zhang, Yuntao
AU  - Zhang Y
AD  - Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of 
      Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, PR China. Electronic 
      address: zyticu@zju.edu.cn.
FAU - He, Yuxian
AU  - He Y
AD  - Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, 
      Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, PR China.
FAU - Wang, Xiying
AU  - Wang X
AD  - Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, 
      Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, PR China.
FAU - Fang, Qiang
AU  - Fang Q
AD  - Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of 
      Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, PR China. Electronic 
      address: 1183005@zju.edu.cn.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20190211
PL  - United States
TA  - Exp Cell Res
JT  - Experimental cell research
JID - 0373226
RN  - 0 (Galectins)
RN  - 0 (Havcr2 protein, mouse)
RN  - 0 (Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 2)
RN  - 0 (Lipopolysaccharides)
RN  - 0 (galectin 9, mouse)
SB  - IM
MH  - Acute Lung Injury/immunology
MH  - Animals
MH  - Bone Marrow Cells/immunology
MH  - *Cell Polarity
MH  - Cells, Cultured
MH  - Galectins/*metabolism
MH  - Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 2/*metabolism
MH  - Lipopolysaccharides/*immunology
MH  - *Macrophage Activation
MH  - Macrophages/cytology/*immunology/metabolism
MH  - Mice, Inbred C57BL
MH  - Respiratory Distress Syndrome/immunology
MH  - *Signal Transduction
MH  - Time
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Galectin-9
OT  - Lipopolysaccharide
OT  - Macrophages
OT  - Polarization
OT  - Tim-3
EDAT- 2019/02/15 06:00
MHDA- 2020/05/27 06:00
CRDT- 2019/02/15 06:00
PHST- 2018/11/15 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/02/09 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/02/15 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/05/27 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2019/02/15 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S0014-4827(19)30053-9 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.02.007 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Exp Cell Res. 2019 Mar 15;376(2):124-132. doi: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.02.007. Epub 
      2019 Feb 11.