PMID- 30780501
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20191120
IS  - 0191-2917 (Print)
IS  - 0191-2917 (Linking)
VI  - 91
IP  - 6
DP  - 2007 Jun
TI  - First Report in Thailand of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri-A* Causing Citrus 
      Canker on Lime.
PG  - 771
LID - 10.1094/PDIS-91-6-0771A [doi]
AB  - Asiatic citrus canker, caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (Xac-A), is a 
      bacterial disease of economic importance in tropical and subtropical 
      citrus-producing areas. Xac-A can cause severe infection in a wide range of 
      citrus species and induces erumpent, callus-like lesions with a water-soaked 
      margin. Severe attacks cause premature fruit drop and twig dieback. It has 
      consequently been submitted to eradication efforts and international regulations. 
      Recently, a group of strains with a host range restricted to Mexican lime (Citrus 
      aurantifolia), but not infecting grapefruit (C. paradisi) known to be very 
      susceptible to Xac-A, was described in different areas of southwest Asia, 
      including Saudi Arabia, Oman, Iran, and India (3). Phenotypic and genetic 
      similarities with Xac-A designated it as a variant called X. axonopodis pv. 
      citri-A*. A variant with a similar restricted host range, designated X. 
      axonopodis pv. citri-A(w), was also detected in Florida and likely originated 
      from India (2). Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis of 26 
      isolates from Thailand and additional reference isolates from Xac-A, -A*, -A(w), 
      and X. axonopodis pv. aurantifolii (2,3) using SacI/MspI and four primer pairs 
      (unlabeled MspI + 1 [A, C, T, or G] primers and 5'-labeled SacI + C primer for 
      the selective amplification step), separated the Thai isolates into two distinct 
      groups. A group composed of 20 isolates from different citrus species, including 
      five isolates from lime, was closely related to strains with a large host range 
      and previously identified as Xac-A. A second group, solely composed of six 
      isolates from lime, was genetically related to Xac-A*. All Thai isolates were 
      collected before 1991. Isolates genetically closed to Xac-A* originated from the 
      central and northern provinces, whereas isolates related to Xac-A originated from 
      all sampled provinces. On the basis of AFLP, no Thai isolate was related to X. 
      axonopodis pv. aurantifolii. A specific X. axonopodis pv. citri nested-PCR assay 
      (1) produced the expected fragments for all Thai isolates. Mexican lime leaves 
      inoculated with Thai isolates of Xac-A and Xac-A* using a detached leaf assay (3) 
      showed typical canker symptoms 1 week after inoculation. When inoculated to 
      grapefruit or sweet orange, the Thai isolates genetically related to Xac-A* by 
      AFLP analysis did not induce any canker symptoms, while isolates related to Xac-A 
      produced canker symptoms on these two citrus species. In Thailand, Xac-A* induced 
      severe symptoms on lime trees, including extensive defoliation and numerous twig 
      cankers that often developed as diebacks. The Xac-A* variant appears 
      epidemiologically important on lime, consistent with previous reports from 
      southwest Asia. The detection of Xac-A* in Thailand makes it necessary to 
      evaluate its geographic distribution in southeast Asia. References: (1) J. S. 
      Hartung et al. Phytopathology 86:95, 1996. (2) X. A. Sun et al. Plant Dis. 
      88:1179, 2004. (3) C. Verniere et al. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 104:477, 1998.
FAU - Ngoc, L Bui Thi
AU  - Ngoc LBT
AD  - CIRAD-Universite de la Reunion, UMR PVBMT, Saint Pierre, La Reunion, F-97410 
      France.
FAU - Verniere, C
AU  - Verniere C
AD  - CIRAD-Universite de la Reunion, UMR PVBMT, Saint Pierre, La Reunion, F-97410 
      France.
FAU - Pruvost, O
AU  - Pruvost O
AD  - CIRAD-Universite de la Reunion, UMR PVBMT, Saint Pierre, La Reunion, F-97410 
      France.
FAU - Kositcharoenkul, N
AU  - Kositcharoenkul N
AD  - Plant Protection R & D Office, Department of Agriculture, Chutukchak, Bangkok, 
      Thailand.
FAU - Phawichit, S
AU  - Phawichit S
AD  - Plant Protection R & D Office, Department of Agriculture, Chutukchak, Bangkok, 
      Thailand.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Plant Dis
JT  - Plant disease
JID - 9882809
EDAT- 2007/06/01 00:00
MHDA- 2007/06/01 00:01
CRDT- 2019/02/21 06:00
PHST- 2019/02/21 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2007/06/01 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2007/06/01 00:01 [medline]
AID - 10.1094/PDIS-91-6-0771A [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Plant Dis. 2007 Jun;91(6):771. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-91-6-0771A.