PMID- 30783920
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20200407
LR  - 20200408
IS  - 1559-0720 (Electronic)
IS  - 0163-4984 (Linking)
VI  - 192
IP  - 2
DP  - 2019 Dec
TI  - The Toxicological Analysis of Ni and Cr in Prescription Food for Special Medical 
      Purposes and Modified Milk Products for Babies in Infancy Available in Pharmacies 
      in Poland.
PG  - 129-135
LID - 10.1007/s12011-019-01667-w [doi]
AB  - Prescription food for special medical purposes (FSMPs) and modified milk products 
      (MMPs) for babies in the infancy period available in pharmacies are increasingly 
      frequently used for newborns and infants-especially in cases where allergies and 
      food-borne diseases are diagnosed. However, there is a lack of scientific study 
      around the safety assessment of the elemental impurities in these products. 
      Importantly, the allergen Ni and the problematic metal Cr are little considered. 
      Hence, the aim of this article was the toxicological analysis of Ni and Cr 
      impurities in prescription FSMPs (n = 6) and MMPs (n = 6) for newborns and 
      infants available in Polish pharmacies. For the best safety assessment, we 
      include three approaches including (1) the levels of Ni and Cr in powdered 
      products, (2) assessment of the daily dose depending on age and body weight of 
      newborns and infants, and (3) the weekly intake of Ni and Cr in samples in 
      comparison to provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI). Our results show that, 
      on the basis of our data, the products from pharmacies in Poland investigated in 
      this study do not represent a real health hazard to newborns and infants, 
      although there may be a requirement for the monitoring of levels of Ni. Our 
      results are pioneer and provide valuable data for other scientists and 
      manufacturers.
FAU - Jurowski, Kamil
AU  - Jurowski K
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-0310-2849
AD  - , Krakow, Poland. kamil.jurowski@gmail.com.
AD  - Faculty of Health Promotion, Krakow Higher School of Health Promotion, 
      Krowoderska 73, 31-158, Krakow, Poland. kamil.jurowski@gmail.com.
FAU - Krosniak, Miroslaw
AU  - Krosniak M
AD  - Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Medical College, Jagiellonian 
      University, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Krakow, Poland.
FAU - Folta, Maria
AU  - Folta M
AD  - Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Medical College, Jagiellonian 
      University, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Krakow, Poland.
FAU - Tatar, Barbara
AU  - Tatar B
AD  - Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Medical College, Jagiellonian 
      University, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Krakow, Poland.
FAU - Cole, Michael
AU  - Cole M
AD  - Faculty of Science and Technology, Anglia Ruskin University, East Road, 
      Cambridge, UK.
FAU - Piekoszewski, Wojciech
AU  - Piekoszewski W
AD  - Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University 
      in Krakow, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Krakow, Poland.
AD  - School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Sukhanova 8, Vladivostok, 
      Russia, 690950.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20190219
PL  - United States
TA  - Biol Trace Elem Res
JT  - Biological trace element research
JID - 7911509
RN  - 0R0008Q3JB (Chromium)
RN  - 7OV03QG267 (Nickel)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Chromium/*analysis
MH  - Dairy Products/*analysis
MH  - *Food Analysis
MH  - Food Contamination/*analysis
MH  - Humans
MH  - Infant
MH  - Infant, Newborn
MH  - Milk/*chemistry
MH  - Nickel/*analysis
MH  - *Pharmacies
MH  - Poland
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Chromium
OT  - Elemental impurities
OT  - Infants
OT  - Modified milk products for babies
OT  - Nickel
OT  - Prescription food for special medical purposes
OT  - Safety assessment
EDAT- 2019/02/21 06:00
MHDA- 2020/04/09 06:00
CRDT- 2019/02/21 06:00
PHST- 2019/01/10 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/02/05 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/02/21 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/04/09 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2019/02/21 06:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1007/s12011-019-01667-w [pii]
AID - 10.1007/s12011-019-01667-w [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Biol Trace Elem Res. 2019 Dec;192(2):129-135. doi: 10.1007/s12011-019-01667-w. 
      Epub 2019 Feb 19.