PMID- 30803652
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20190408
LR  - 20190408
IS  - 1879-3363 (Electronic)
IS  - 0025-326X (Linking)
VI  - 140
DP  - 2019 Mar
TI  - Remote sensing estimation of the biomass of floating Ulva prolifera and analysis 
      of the main factors driving the interannual variability of the biomass in the 
      Yellow Sea.
PG  - 330-340
LID - S0025-326X(19)30046-3 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.01.037 [doi]
AB  - Since 2007, green tide blooms with Ulva prolifera as the dominant species have 
      occurred every summer in the Yellow Sea. Biomass is a critical parameter used to 
      describe the severity of green tide blooms. In this study, we analyzed the 
      relationships between several indices (normalized difference vegetation index 
      (NDVI), floating algae index (FAI), ratio vegetation index (RVI), enhanced 
      vegetation index (EVI), ocean surface algal bloom index (OSABI), Korea Ocean 
      Satellite Center (KOSC) approach) and the biomass per unit area of Ulva prolifera 
      by using the in situ measurements from a water tank experiment. EVI, NDVI, and 
      FAI showed strong exponential relationships with Ulva prolifera biomass per unit 
      area. In order to apply the relationships to satellite remote sensing data, the 
      impacts of the atmosphere (different aerosol optical depth at 550 nm) and mixed 
      pixels to the relationships were analyzed. The results show that atmosphere has 
      little effect on the relationship between EVI and Ulva prolifera biomass per unit 
      area with R(2) = 0.94 and APD (the average percentage deviation) = 19.55% when 
      EVI is calculated from R(rc) (Rayleigh-corrected reflectance), and R(2) = 0.95 
      and APD = 17.53% when EVI is calculated from R(toa) (top-of-atmosphere 
      reflectance). Due to the low sensitivity to the atmosphere, the EVI relationship 
      can be directly utilized in the top-of-atmosphere (TOA) reflectance without 
      atmospheric correction. In addition, the EVI was slightly affected by mixed 
      pixels with the APD only increased by ~10%. The EVI relationship was then applied 
      to a long MODIS image time series to obtain the maximal total biomass of floating 
      Ulva prolifera in the Yellow Sea from 2007 to 2016. The results showed that the 
      maximum and minimum total biomass occurred in 2016 (~1.17 million tons) and 2012 
      (~0.074 million tons), respectively. The main factors that caused the 
      inter-annual biomass variability were analyzed. The total amount of nutrients 
      from Sheyang River which was the largest river on the northern coast of Jiangsu 
      Province, and Porphyra cultivation in the Radial Sand Ridges of Jiangsu Province 
      had both strong correlation with Ulva prolifera total biomass.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Xiao, Yanfang
AU  - Xiao Y
AD  - First Institute of Oceangraphy, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, Shandong 
      266061, China. Electronic address: xiaoyanfang@fio.org.cn.
FAU - Zhang, Jie
AU  - Zhang J
AD  - First Institute of Oceangraphy, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, Shandong 
      266061, China.
FAU - Cui, Tingwei
AU  - Cui T
AD  - First Institute of Oceangraphy, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, Shandong 
      266061, China.
FAU - Gong, Jialong
AU  - Gong J
AD  - College of Information Science & Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 
      Shandong 266100, China.
FAU - Liu, Rongjie
AU  - Liu R
AD  - First Institute of Oceangraphy, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, Shandong 
      266061, China.
FAU - Chen, Xiaoying
AU  - Chen X
AD  - First Institute of Oceangraphy, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, Shandong 
      266061, China.
FAU - Liang, Xijian
AU  - Liang X
AD  - College of Information Science & Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 
      Shandong 266100, China.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20190202
PL  - England
TA  - Mar Pollut Bull
JT  - Marine pollution bulletin
JID - 0260231
SB  - IM
MH  - Biomass
MH  - Environmental Monitoring/*methods
MH  - *Eutrophication
MH  - Oceans and Seas
MH  - *Remote Sensing Technology
MH  - Republic of Korea
MH  - Seasons
MH  - Ulva/*growth & development
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Atmosphere effect
OT  - Biomass
OT  - EVI
OT  - Ocean color
OT  - Remote sensing
OT  - Ulva prolifera
EDAT- 2019/02/26 06:00
MHDA- 2019/04/09 06:00
CRDT- 2019/02/27 06:00
PHST- 2018/10/16 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2018/12/27 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2019/01/18 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/02/27 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2019/02/26 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/04/09 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0025-326X(19)30046-3 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.01.037 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Mar Pollut Bull. 2019 Mar;140:330-340. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.01.037. Epub 
      2019 Feb 2.