PMID- 30816125
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20200930
LR  - 20231006
IS  - 2045-2322 (Electronic)
IS  - 2045-2322 (Linking)
VI  - 9
IP  - 1
DP  - 2019 Feb 28
TI  - Chromosomal markers in the genus Karenia: Towards an understanding of the 
      evolution of the chromosomes, life cycle patterns and phylogenetic relationships 
      in dinoflagellates.
PG  - 3072
LID - 10.1038/s41598-018-35785-7 [doi]
LID - 3072
AB  - Dinoflagellates are a group of protists whose genome is unique among eukaryotes 
      in terms of base composition, chromosomal structure and gene expression. Even 
      after decades of research, the structure and behavior of their amazing 
      chromosomes-which without nucleosomes exist in a liquid crystalline state-are 
      still poorly understood. We used flow cytometry and fluorescence in situ 
      hybridization (FISH) to analyze the genome size of three species of the toxic 
      dinoflagellate genus Karenia as well the organization and behavior of the 
      chromosomes in different cell-cycle stages. FISH was also used to study the 
      distribution patterns of ribosomal DNA (45S rDNA), telomeric and microsatellites 
      repeats in order to develop chromosomal markers. The results revealed several 
      novel and important features regarding dinoflagellate chromosomes during mitosis, 
      including their telocentric behavior and radial arrangement along the nuclear 
      envelope. Additionally, using the (AG)(10) probe we identified an unusual 
      chromosome in K. selliformis and especially in K. mikimotoi that is characterized 
      by AG repeats along its entire length. This feature was employed to easily 
      differentiate morphologically indistinguishable life-cycle stages. The 
      evolutionary relationship between Karenia species is discussed with respect to 
      differences in both DNA content and the chromosomal distribution patterns of the 
      DNA sequences analyzed.
FAU - Cuadrado, Angeles
AU  - Cuadrado A
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-0089-5249
AD  - Universidad de Alcala (UAH), Dpto Biomedicina y Biotecnologia, 28805 Alcala de 
      Henares, Madrid, Spain. angeles.cuadrado@uah.es.
FAU - De Bustos, Alfredo
AU  - De Bustos A
AD  - Universidad de Alcala (UAH), Dpto Biomedicina y Biotecnologia, 28805 Alcala de 
      Henares, Madrid, Spain.
FAU - Figueroa, Rosa I
AU  - Figueroa RI
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-9944-7993
AD  - Instituto Espanol de Oceanografia (IEO), Subida a Radio Faro 50, 36390, Vigo, 
      Spain. rosa.figueroa@ieo.es.
AD  - Aquatic Ecology, Biology Building, Lund University, 22362, Lund, Sweden. 
      rosa.figueroa@ieo.es.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20190228
PL  - England
TA  - Sci Rep
JT  - Scientific reports
JID - 101563288
RN  - 0 (DNA, Ribosomal)
SB  - IM
MH  - Chromosomes/genetics
MH  - DNA, Ribosomal/genetics
MH  - Dinoflagellida/*genetics/growth & development
MH  - Evolution, Molecular
MH  - In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
MH  - Life Cycle Stages
MH  - Phylogeny
PMC - PMC6395649
COIS- The authors declare no competing interests.
EDAT- 2019/03/01 06:00
MHDA- 2020/10/02 06:00
PMCR- 2019/02/28
CRDT- 2019/03/01 06:00
PHST- 2018/03/01 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2018/11/07 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/03/01 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2019/03/01 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/10/02 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2019/02/28 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1038/s41598-018-35785-7 [pii]
AID - 35785 [pii]
AID - 10.1038/s41598-018-35785-7 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Sci Rep. 2019 Feb 28;9(1):3072. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-35785-7.