PMID- 30817215 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20200601 LR - 20221215 IS - 1530-6860 (Electronic) IS - 0892-6638 (Print) IS - 0892-6638 (Linking) VI - 33 IP - 5 DP - 2019 May TI - Salivary gland immunization via Wharton's duct activates differential T-cell responses within the salivary gland immune system. PG - 6011-6022 LID - 10.1096/fj.201801993R [doi] AB - Salivary glands are a major component of the mucosal immune system that confer adaptive immunity to mucosal pathogens. As previously demonstrated, immunization of the submandibular gland with tissue culture-derived murine cytomegalovirus (tcMCMV) or replication-deficient adenoviruses expressing individual murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) genes protected mice against a lethal MCMV challenge. Here, we report that salivary gland inoculation of BALB/cByJ mice with tcMCMV or recombinant adenoviruses differentially activates T helper (T(h))1, -2, and -17 cells in the salivary glands vs. the associated lymph nodes. After inoculation with tcMCMV, lymphocytes from the submandibular gland preferentially express the transcription factor T-cell-specific T-box transcription factor (T-bet), which controls the expression of the hallmark T(h)1 cytokine, IFN-gamma. Lymphocytes from the periglandular lymph nodes (PGLNs) express both T-bet and GATA-binding protein 3 (GATA3), which promotes the secretion of IL-4, -5, and -10 from T(h)2 cells. In contrast, after inoculation with replication-deficient adenoviruses, lymphocytes from the submandibular gland express T-bet, GATA3, and RAR-related orphan receptor gamma, thymus-specific isoform (RORgammat) (required for differentiation of T(h)17 cells) and forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) (required for the differentiation of regulatory T cells). Lymphocytes from the PGLNs were not activated. The differential induction of T(h) responses in the salivary gland vs. the PGLNs after inoculation with attenuated virus vs. a nominal protein antigen supports the use of the salivary as an alternative mucosal route for administering vaccines.-Liu, G., Zhang, F., Wang, R., London, S. D., London, L. Salivary gland immunization via Wharton's duct activates differential T-cell responses within the salivary gland immune system. FAU - Liu, Guangliang AU - Liu G AD - Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA. FAU - Zhang, Fangfang AU - Zhang F AD - Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA. FAU - Wang, Ruixue AU - Wang R AD - Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA. FAU - London, Steven D AU - London SD AD - Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA. FAU - London, Lucille AU - London L AD - Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA. LA - eng GR - R01 DE016652/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/United States GR - R15 DE024313/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural DEP - 20190228 PL - United States TA - FASEB J JT - FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology JID - 8804484 RN - 0 (Cytokines) RN - 0 (GATA3 Transcription Factor) RN - 0 (Gata3 protein, mouse) RN - 0 (T-Box Domain Proteins) RN - 0 (T-box transcription factor TBX21) RN - 82115-62-6 (Interferon-gamma) SB - IM MH - Adenoviridae/genetics MH - Animals MH - Cytokines/metabolism MH - Female MH - GATA3 Transcription Factor/metabolism MH - *Immunity, Mucosal MH - Interferon-gamma/metabolism MH - Lymph Nodes/pathology MH - Lymphocytes/cytology MH - Mice MH - Mice, Inbred BALB C MH - Muromegalovirus MH - Salivary Ducts/*immunology MH - Salivary Glands/*immunology MH - T-Box Domain Proteins/metabolism MH - T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/*immunology MH - Vaccination PMC - PMC6463922 OTO - NOTNLM OT - T helper cells OT - mucosal immunity OT - vaccine development COIS- The authors thank Dr. John D. Shanley and Dr. Carol A. Wu (University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA) for providing recombinant adenovirus vectors and cell lines. This project was supported by U.S. National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research Grant 1R01 DE016652 (to S.D.L.) and 1R15DE024313 (to S.D.L.). The authors declare no conflicts of interest. EDAT- 2019/03/01 06:00 MHDA- 2020/06/02 06:00 PMCR- 2020/02/28 CRDT- 2019/03/01 06:00 PHST- 2019/03/01 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2020/06/02 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2019/03/01 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2020/02/28 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - FJ_201801993R [pii] AID - 10.1096/fj.201801993R [doi] PST - ppublish SO - FASEB J. 2019 May;33(5):6011-6022. doi: 10.1096/fj.201801993R. Epub 2019 Feb 28.