PMID- 30822749 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20200318 LR - 20200318 IS - 1873-1244 (Electronic) IS - 0899-9007 (Linking) VI - 61 DP - 2019 May TI - The effects of whey and soy liquid breakfast on appetite response, energy metabolism, and subsequent energy intake. PG - 179-186 LID - S0899-9007(18)30497-0 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.nut.2018.11.007 [doi] AB - OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of animal-based protein (whey; WP) compared with plant-based protein (soy; SP) and carbohydrate (CHO) liquid breakfast on appetite, energy metabolism, and subsequent energy intake. METHODS: Seventeen healthy individuals consumed three isocaloric breakfast smoothies with whey, soy, or carbohydrate (no protein) in a double-blind, randomized crossover design. Participants completed an 11-point rating scale of appetite profile (before, 0, 60, 120, and 180 min). Indirect calorimetry was used to determine the thermic effect of a meal (TEM; at 45-60, 105-120, and 165-180 min). An ad libitum lunch was offered at 180 min after breakfast and energy intake was assessed. RESULTS: There was a significant difference in hunger (P = 0.033), fullness (P = 0.002), satiety (P = 0.001), desire to eat (P = 0.024), and prospective food consumption (P = 0.021) between the three breakfast meals. Fullness and SP compared with CHO. A higher (P < 0.001) TEM and lower (P < 0.05) respiratory exchange ratio (RER) was observed after WP and SP compared with CHO. In addition, a higher (P = 0.022) energy intake at lunch was observed after CHO (769 +/- 259 kcal) compared with WP (654 +/- 252 kcal) and SP (664 +/- 296 kcal), with no difference (P = 0.966) between WP and SP. Consuming SP at breakfast exerts comparable effects to WP on appetite profile, energy metabolism, and subsequent energy intake, suggesting that SP is a reasonable alternative to WP as a protein supplement source to aid in body weight control. CI - Copyright (c) 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. FAU - Melson, Caroline E AU - Melson CE AD - Department of Exercise Science and Energy Metabolism and Body Composition Research Laboratory, Elon University, Elon, North Carolina, USA. FAU - Nepocatych, Svetlana AU - Nepocatych S AD - Department of Exercise Science and Energy Metabolism and Body Composition Research Laboratory, Elon University, Elon, North Carolina, USA. Electronic address: snepocatych@elon.edu. FAU - Madzima, Takudzwa A AU - Madzima TA AD - Department of Exercise Science and Energy Metabolism and Body Composition Research Laboratory, Elon University, Elon, North Carolina, USA. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial DEP - 20181127 PL - United States TA - Nutrition JT - Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.) JID - 8802712 RN - 0 (Dietary Carbohydrates) RN - 0 (Soybean Proteins) RN - 0 (Whey Proteins) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Appetite/*drug effects MH - Beverages MH - Breakfast MH - Calorimetry, Indirect MH - Cross-Over Studies MH - Dietary Carbohydrates/*administration & dosage MH - Double-Blind Method MH - Energy Intake/*drug effects MH - Energy Metabolism/*drug effects MH - Female MH - Healthy Volunteers MH - Humans MH - Hunger/drug effects MH - Lunch MH - Male MH - Postprandial Period/drug effects MH - Satiation/drug effects MH - Soybean Proteins/*administration & dosage MH - Whey Proteins/*administration & dosage MH - Young Adult OTO - NOTNLM OT - Energy expenditure OT - Food intake OT - Hunger OT - Satiety OT - Soy protein OT - Whey protein EDAT- 2019/03/02 06:00 MHDA- 2020/03/19 06:00 CRDT- 2019/03/02 06:00 PHST- 2018/06/11 00:00 [received] PHST- 2018/08/06 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2018/11/17 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2019/03/02 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2020/03/19 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2019/03/02 06:00 [entrez] AID - S0899-9007(18)30497-0 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.nut.2018.11.007 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Nutrition. 2019 May;61:179-186. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2018.11.007. Epub 2018 Nov 27.