PMID- 30830665
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20190613
LR  - 20200225
IS  - 1614-7499 (Electronic)
IS  - 0944-1344 (Linking)
VI  - 26
IP  - 12
DP  - 2019 Apr
TI  - Pine needles as biomonitors of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and emerging flame 
      retardants in the atmosphere of Shanghai, China: occurrence, spatial 
      distributions, and possible sources.
PG  - 12171-12180
LID - 10.1007/s11356-019-04558-8 [doi]
AB  - In this study, pine needles were used as biomonitors to investigate the levels, 
      spatial distributions, and possible sources of polybrominated diphenyl ethers 
      (PBDEs) and four emerging halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) in the atmosphere 
      of Shanghai, China. The four emerging HFRs were hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), 
      decabromodiphenylethane (DBDPE), 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy) ethane (BTBPE), 
      and dechlorane plus (DP), with the first 3 HFRs being non-polybrominated diphenyl 
      ether brominated flame retardants (non-PBDE BFRs). The total concentrations 
      ranged from 3.71 to 4020 ng g(-1) dry weight (dw) for 52 PBDE congeners 
      (Sigma(52)BDEs), < MDL (method detection limit) to 15.2 ng g(-1) dw for three 
      non-PBDE BFRs (Sigma(3)non-PBDE BFRs), and 0.815 to 1090 pg g(-1) dw for two DP 
      isomers (SigmaDP), respectively. High levels of PBDEs, three non-PBDE BFRs, and DP 
      were found in pine needles from suburbs and Pudong, which was a consequence of 
      industrial activities. The fraction of anti-DP isomer (f(anti)) in pine needles 
      ranged from 0.515 to 0.939 with a mean value of 0.721, and most of the f(anti) 
      values were consistent with those of technical DP formulations. Principal 
      component analysis-multiple linear regression (PCA-MLR) model identified four 
      sources of PBDEs in pine needles with the quantified contributions: degradation 
      of technical PBDE formulations (49.5%), technical deca-BDE (6.9%), technical 
      penta-BDE (25.1%), and technical octa-BDE (18.5%). These findings are expected to 
      help understand the pollution level, fate, and possible sources of HFRs in the 
      atmosphere of Shanghai and provide a basis for air pollution control and 
      management in Shanghai.
FAU - Jia, Hao-Hao
AU  - Jia HH
AD  - Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and 
      Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
AD  - Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering, Ministry of 
      Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
FAU - Wang, Xue-Tong
AU  - Wang XT
AD  - Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and 
      Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China. 
      wangxt@shu.edu.cn.
AD  - Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering, Ministry of 
      Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China. wangxt@shu.edu.cn.
FAU - Cheng, Hang-Xin
AU  - Cheng HX
AD  - Key Laboratory of Geochemical Cycling of Carbon and Mercury in the Earth's 
      Critical Zone, Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, Chinese 
      Academy of Geological Sciences, Langfang, 065000, China. hangxin@vip.sina.com.
AD  - Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, Chinese Academy of 
      Geoscience, Langfang, 065000, China. hangxin@vip.sina.com.
FAU - Zhou, Ying
AU  - Zhou Y
AD  - Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and 
      Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
AD  - Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering, Ministry of 
      Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
FAU - Fu, Rui
AU  - Fu R
AD  - Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and 
      Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
AD  - Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering, Ministry of 
      Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
LA  - eng
GR  - IRT13078/Program for Innovative Research Team in University/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20190304
PL  - Germany
TA  - Environ Sci Pollut Res Int
JT  - Environmental science and pollution research international
JID - 9441769
RN  - 0 (Air Pollutants)
RN  - 0 (Flame Retardants)
RN  - 0 (Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers)
RN  - 0 (Hydrocarbons, Brominated)
RN  - 0 (Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated)
RN  - 0 (Polycyclic Compounds)
RN  - 0 (dechlorane plus)
RN  - 5I9835JO3M (hexabromocyclododecane)
RN  - 7REL09ZX35 (pentabromodiphenyl ether)
SB  - IM
MH  - Air Pollutants/analysis/*metabolism
MH  - Atmosphere/chemistry
MH  - China
MH  - *Environmental Monitoring
MH  - Environmental Pollution
MH  - Flame Retardants/analysis/*metabolism
MH  - Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers/analysis/*metabolism
MH  - Halogenation
MH  - Hydrocarbons, Brominated
MH  - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated
MH  - Pinus/chemistry
MH  - Plant Leaves/chemistry/metabolism
MH  - Polycyclic Compounds
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Atmosphere
OT  - Emerging halogenated flame retardants
OT  - PBDEs
OT  - PCA-MLR model
OT  - Pine needles
OT  - Sources
EDAT- 2019/03/05 06:00
MHDA- 2019/06/14 06:00
CRDT- 2019/03/05 06:00
PHST- 2018/09/27 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/02/13 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/03/05 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/06/14 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2019/03/05 06:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1007/s11356-019-04558-8 [pii]
AID - 10.1007/s11356-019-04558-8 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2019 Apr;26(12):12171-12180. doi: 
      10.1007/s11356-019-04558-8. Epub 2019 Mar 4.