PMID- 30836774
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20200610
LR  - 20200610
IS  - 1473-4877 (Electronic)
IS  - 0300-7995 (Linking)
VI  - 35
IP  - 9
DP  - 2019 Sep
TI  - Off-label use of pentazocine and the associated adverse events among pediatric 
      surgical patients in a tertiary hospital in Northern Nigeria: a retrospective 
      chart review.
PG  - 1505-1512
LID - 10.1080/03007995.2019.1591109 [doi]
AB  - Background and aims: Pentazocine remains a widely used opioid pre-anesthetic 
      medication and post-operative analgesic in low- and middle-income countries 
      despite concerns. We assessed the adverse events (AEs) associated with off-label 
      use of pentazocine in pediatric surgical patients and determined the possible 
      risk factors associated with slow respiratory AEs.Method: Children </=18 years old 
      were administered pentazocine IM/IV as a pre-anesthetic medication or 
      post-operative analgesic. Pertinent data including total daily dose and duration 
      of use of pentazocine and its associated AEs were obtained from patients' case 
      files. Risk factors associated with slow respiratory AEs were determined using 
      logistic regression analyses.Results: One hundred and fifty-nine patients were 
      included with a median age of 2 years; they were mainly males (52.8%). 
      Pentazocine was administered off-label to all patients for post-operative pain 
      management (96.2%) or pre-anesthetic medication (3.8%). All patients experienced 
      at least one AE with most experiencing 2-7 AEs. Rapid breathing (120; 18.7%), 
      followed by fast pulse (101; 15.7%) and sleepiness/sedation/drowsiness (81; 
      12.6%) were the most common AEs. None of the demographics and clinical variables 
      significantly predicted the risk of slow respiratory AEs.Conclusion: Off-label 
      use of pentazocine is common and associated with multiple AEs. Care is needed as 
      no predictors of slow respiratory AEs were observed.
FAU - Oshikoya, Kazeem A
AU  - Oshikoya KA
AD  - Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Lagos State University 
      College of Medicine, Lagos, Nigeria.
FAU - Abayomi Ogunyinka, Ibrahim
AU  - Abayomi Ogunyinka I
AD  - Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, 
      Nigeria.
FAU - Godman, Brian
AU  - Godman B
AD  - Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of 
      Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK.
AD  - Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.
AD  - Health Economics Centre, Liverpool University Management School, Liverpool, UK.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20190408
PL  - England
TA  - Curr Med Res Opin
JT  - Current medical research and opinion
JID - 0351014
RN  - 0 (Analgesics, Opioid)
RN  - RP4A60D26L (Pentazocine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Analgesics, Opioid/*therapeutic use
MH  - Child
MH  - Child, Preschool
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Infant
MH  - Infant, Newborn
MH  - Male
MH  - *Off-Label Use
MH  - Pentazocine/adverse effects/*therapeutic use
MH  - Retrospective Studies
MH  - Tertiary Care Centers
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Pentazocine
OT  - adverse event
OT  - off-label use
OT  - pediatric
EDAT- 2019/03/07 06:00
MHDA- 2020/06/11 06:00
CRDT- 2019/03/07 06:00
PHST- 2019/03/07 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/06/11 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2019/03/07 06:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1080/03007995.2019.1591109 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Curr Med Res Opin. 2019 Sep;35(9):1505-1512. doi: 10.1080/03007995.2019.1591109. 
      Epub 2019 Apr 8.