PMID- 30854370
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20201001
IS  - 2296-861X (Print)
IS  - 2296-861X (Electronic)
IS  - 2296-861X (Linking)
VI  - 6
DP  - 2019
TI  - Caffeine Ingestion With or Without Low-Dose Carbohydrate Improves Exercise 
      Tolerance in Sedentary Adults.
PG  - 9
LID - 10.3389/fnut.2019.00009 [doi]
LID - 9
AB  - Caffeine (CAF) and carbohydrate (CHO) ingestion delay fatigue during prolonged 
      exercise; however, this is primarily documented in endurance trained (ET) 
      athletes. Our purpose was to determine if these ergogenic aids are also effective 
      to improve exercise tolerance in age-matched sedentary (SED) adults. Using a 
      double-blind crossover design, ET and SED (n = 12 each group) completed four 
      exercise trials consisting of 30 min cycling at standardized matched work rates 
      10% below lactate threshold (MOD-EX) followed by a time to fatigue (TTF) ride at 
      individually prescribed intensity of 5% above lactate threshold. After 
      standardized breakfast, the following drink treatments were given before and 
      throughout exercise: CAF (3 mg/kg of body mass, equivalent to 1.5 cups premium 
      brewed coffee), low calorie CHO (LCHO) (0.4% solution, 2 g total CHO), CAF+LCHO, 
      and artificially-sweetened placebo (PLA). SED and ET had similar perceived 
      exertion (RPE) during MOD-EX and TTF (23.8 +/- 3.1 and 24.1 +/- 2.6 min in ET, SED, 
      respectively). LCHO did not benefit exercise tolerance compared to PLA and was 
      less effective (p < 0.05) compared to CAF+LCHO for all participants combined. 
      Thus, the two CAF treatments were averaged, resulting in ~5% lower RPE (p < 0.05) 
      and 21% longer TTF (26.3 +/- 10.4 min) compared to the no-CAF (21.7 +/- 9.9 min) 
      treatments. Blood glucose and lactate were higher (p < 0.05) with CAF vs. no-CAF. 
      SED and ET only differed in metabolic oxidation rates during exercise (higher 
      overall fat oxidation with ET compared to SED). CAF reduces the perceived effort 
      during exercise and increases the capacity for sedentary individuals, as well as 
      trained athletes, to tolerate higher intensity exercise for greater duration; 
      and, these benefits were not further enhanced by ingesting doses of low 
      carbohydrate regularly during exercise.
FAU - Kumar, Namrita
AU  - Kumar N
AD  - School of Applied Physiology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 
      United States.
FAU - Warren, Gordon L
AU  - Warren GL
AD  - Department of Physical Therapy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United 
      States.
FAU - Snow, Teresa K
AU  - Snow TK
AD  - School of Applied Physiology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 
      United States.
FAU - Millard-Stafford, Melinda
AU  - Millard-Stafford M
AD  - School of Applied Physiology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 
      United States.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20190212
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Front Nutr
JT  - Frontiers in nutrition
JID - 101642264
PMC - PMC6396727
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - endurance
OT  - fatigue
OT  - lactate threshold
OT  - nutrition
OT  - perceived exertion
EDAT- 2019/03/12 06:00
MHDA- 2019/03/12 06:01
PMCR- 2019/01/01
CRDT- 2019/03/12 06:00
PHST- 2018/10/03 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/01/21 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/03/12 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2019/03/12 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/03/12 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2019/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.3389/fnut.2019.00009 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Front Nutr. 2019 Feb 12;6:9. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00009. eCollection 2019.