PMID- 30856380
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20190531
LR  - 20190531
IS  - 1872-7646 (Electronic)
IS  - 0167-9457 (Linking)
VI  - 64
DP  - 2019 Apr
TI  - Anticipatory postural adjustments during a Fitts' task: Comparing young versus 
      older adults and the effects of different foci of attention.
PG  - 366-377
LID - S0167-9457(18)30798-X [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.humov.2019.02.019 [doi]
AB  - Anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) are an integral part of standing 
      balance. Previous research with balance control has shown that adopting an 
      external focus of attention, compared to an internal focus of attention, yields 
      better performance during motor skills. Despite the importance of APAs, 
      especially among older adults, and the potential benefits of adopting an external 
      focus of attention, studies investigating methods for improving APAs are limited. 
      The aim of this study was to compare behavioral, kinematic and APAs measures 
      while adopting different foci of attention among young and older adults when 
      performing a lower extremity Fitts' task. Ten young adults (mean age 
      24 years +/- 4.37) and ten older adults (mean age 75 years +/- 5.85) performed a 
      lower-extremity reaching task (Fitts' task) while adopting an external focus 
      (focus on target) and an internal focus (focus on limb) in a within-subject 
      design. A motion capture system was used to record participants' movement data. 
      Custom software derived movement time (MT), peak velocity (PV), time to peak 
      velocity (ttPV) and variability at target (SD(T)). Electromyography (EMG) was 
      used to determine APAs onset and magnitude. The findings showed that an external 
      focus of attention led to significantly shorter MT, higher PV, shorter ttPV and 
      more accuracy when reaching the target (SD(T)) for both age groups. Also, EMG 
      results showed that, with an external focus, APAs onset occurred earlier and APAs 
      magnitude was more efficient. As predicted by Fitts' Law, participants spent more 
      time executing movements to targets with higher indices of difficulty. Older 
      adults compared to young adults were more adversely affected by the increase of 
      difficulty of the Fitts' task, specifically, on measures of APAs. In conclusion, 
      adopting an external focus of attention led to better overall movement 
      performance when performing a lower extremity Fitts' task. The task used in the 
      present study can distinguish between APAs for older and young adults. We 
      recommend that future studies expand on our findings in order to establish a 
      performance-based objective measure of APAs to assess clinical interventions for 
      postural control impairment.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Aloraini, Saleh M
AU  - Aloraini SM
AD  - Applied Health Sciences Doctoral Program, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, 
      Canada; College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia. 
      Electronic address: saloraini@gmail.com.
FAU - Glazebrook, Cheryl M
AU  - Glazebrook CM
AD  - Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, 
      Winnipeg, Canada; Health, Leisure, and Human Performance Research Institute, 
      University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
FAU - Sibley, Kathryn M
AU  - Sibley KM
AD  - Health, Leisure, and Human Performance Research Institute, University of 
      Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Department of Community Health Sciences, University 
      of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Centre for Healthcare Innovation, University of 
      Manitoba, Canada.
FAU - Singer, Jonathan
AU  - Singer J
AD  - Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, 
      Winnipeg, Canada; Health, Leisure, and Human Performance Research Institute, 
      University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
FAU - Passmore, Steven
AU  - Passmore S
AD  - Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, 
      Winnipeg, Canada; Health, Leisure, and Human Performance Research Institute, 
      University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
LA  - eng
PT  - Comparative Study
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20190308
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Hum Mov Sci
JT  - Human movement science
JID - 8300127
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Attention/*physiology
MH  - Biomechanical Phenomena
MH  - *Electromyography
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Motor Skills
MH  - *Movement
MH  - *Postural Balance
MH  - Psychomotor Performance
MH  - Time Factors
MH  - Young Adult
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Balance
OT  - Fitts' law
OT  - Focus of attention
OT  - Older adults
OT  - Postural control
EDAT- 2019/03/12 06:00
MHDA- 2019/06/01 06:00
CRDT- 2019/03/12 06:00
PHST- 2018/11/14 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/02/27 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2019/02/28 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/03/12 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/06/01 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2019/03/12 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S0167-9457(18)30798-X [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.humov.2019.02.019 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Hum Mov Sci. 2019 Apr;64:366-377. doi: 10.1016/j.humov.2019.02.019. Epub 2019 Mar 
      8.