PMID- 30857230
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20190705
LR  - 20200309
IS  - 1660-4601 (Electronic)
IS  - 1661-7827 (Print)
IS  - 1660-4601 (Linking)
VI  - 16
IP  - 5
DP  - 2019 Mar 8
TI  - Public Facility Utility and Third-Hand Smoking Exposure without First and 
      Second-Hand Smoking According to Urinary Cotinine Level.
LID - 10.3390/ijerph16050855 [doi]
LID - 855
AB  - Third-hand smoke (THS) causes pathological changes in the liver, lungs, and skin. 
      THS exposure can be ubiquitous, chronic, and unconscious. However, little is 
      known about THS exposure in public facilities and its susceptible population. 
      This paper aimed to identify which public facilities and socio-demographic groups 
      were especially vulnerable to THS. Data from 1360 adults obtained from Korean 
      National Environmental Health Survey I (2009(-)2011) were analyzed. To study the 
      sole effect of THS, we restricted the study population to those participants who 
      had never smoked and who had no exposure to second-hand smoke. The assessed 
      variables included the type and frequency of public transportation, frequency of 
      use of 12 different public facilities, and 8 socio-demographic factors. Urinary 
      cotinine was used as a biomarker. T-tests and analysis of variance were used for 
      univariate analyses, while generalized linear regression was used for 
      multivariate analysis. Frequent use of public transportation, bars, internet 
      cafes, and participants with low levels of education, divorced or bereaved, 
      living in multi-unit houses, and with smokers within the family were associated 
      with significantly high urinary cotinine levels. These findings indicate that the 
      frequent use of public transportation, certain public facilities and certain 
      socio-demographic factors can result in high THS exposure.
FAU - Moon, Si Yun
AU  - Moon SY
AD  - Department of Premedicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, 
      Yangsan, Gyongnam 50612, Korea. siyoun806@pusan.ac.kr.
FAU - Kim, Tae Won
AU  - Kim TW
AD  - Department of Premedicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, 
      Yangsan, Gyongnam 50612, Korea. xodnjs1390@pusan.ac.kr.
FAU - Kim, Yoon-Ji
AU  - Kim YJ
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-8137-8915
AD  - Department of Preventive, and Occupational & Environmental Medicine, School of 
      Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyongnam 50612, Korea. 
      harrypotter79@pusan.ac.kr.
FAU - Kim, Youngki
AU  - Kim Y
AD  - Department of Preventive, and Occupational & Environmental Medicine, School of 
      Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyongnam 50612, Korea. 
      mungis@pusan.ac.kr.
AD  - Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Pusan National University 
      Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Gyongnam 50612, Korea. mungis@pusan.ac.kr.
FAU - Kim, Se Yeong
AU  - Kim SY
AD  - Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Pusan National University 
      Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Gyongnam 50612, Korea. 30white@pusan.ac.kr.
FAU - Kang, Dongmug
AU  - Kang D
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0657-0181
AD  - Department of Preventive, and Occupational & Environmental Medicine, School of 
      Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyongnam 50612, Korea. 
      kangdm@pusan.ac.kr.
AD  - Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Pusan National University 
      Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Gyongnam 50612, Korea. kangdm@pusan.ac.kr.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20190308
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Int J Environ Res Public Health
JT  - International journal of environmental research and public health
JID - 101238455
RN  - 0 (Biomarkers)
RN  - 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution)
RN  - K5161X06LL (Cotinine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Biomarkers/urine
MH  - Cotinine/*urine
MH  - Demography
MH  - *Environmental Exposure
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - *Public Facilities
MH  - Republic of Korea
MH  - Socioeconomic Factors
MH  - *Tobacco Smoke Pollution
MH  - Tobacco Smoking/*urine
PMC - PMC6427616
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - environmental health
OT  - susceptible
OT  - third hand smoke
OT  - tobacco
OT  - transportation
COIS- The authors declare they have no actual or potential competing financial 
      interests.
EDAT- 2019/03/13 06:00
MHDA- 2019/07/06 06:00
PMCR- 2019/03/01
CRDT- 2019/03/13 06:00
PHST- 2019/02/07 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/03/04 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2019/03/05 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/03/13 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2019/03/13 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/07/06 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2019/03/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - ijerph16050855 [pii]
AID - ijerph-16-00855 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/ijerph16050855 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Mar 8;16(5):855. doi: 
      10.3390/ijerph16050855.