PMID- 30859308
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20191213
LR  - 20230411
IS  - 1432-069X (Electronic)
IS  - 0340-3696 (Linking)
VI  - 311
IP  - 5
DP  - 2019 Jul
TI  - From pathogenesis of acne vulgaris to anti-acne agents.
PG  - 337-349
LID - 10.1007/s00403-019-01908-x [doi]
AB  - Acne vulgaris is a cutaneous chronic inflammatory disorder with complex 
      pathogenesis. Four factors play vital roles in acne pathophysiology: 
      hyperseborrhea and dysseborrhea, altered keratinization of the pilosebaceous 
      duct, Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) and inflammation. The main hormones 
      responsible for the development of acne vulgaris include androgens, insulin and 
      insulin-like growth factor-1. Other factors involved in this process are 
      corticotropin-releasing hormone, alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone and substance 
      P. Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway, 
      mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated 
      protein kinase pathway and nuclear factor kappa B pathway participate in the 
      modulation of sebocyte, keratinocyte and inflammatory cell (e.g. lymphocytes, 
      monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils) activity. Among all the triggers and 
      pathways mentioned above, IGF-1-induced PI3K/Akt/Forkhead box protein 
      O1/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) C1 pathway is the most important 
      signaling responsible for acne pathogenesis. Commonly used anti-acne agents 
      include retinoids, benzoyl peroxide, antibiotics and hormonal agents (e.g. 
      spironolactone, combination oral contraceptive and flutamide). New approaches 
      including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma modifier, melanocortin 
      receptor antagonists, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, metformin, olumacostat 
      glasaretil, stearoyl-CoA desaturase inhibitor omiganan pentahydrochloride, 
      K(D)PT, afamelanotide, apremilast and biologics have been developed as promising 
      treatments for acne vulgaris. Although these anti-acne agents have various 
      pharmacological effects against the diverse pathogenesis of acne, all of them 
      have a synergistic mode of action, the attenuation of Akt/mTORC1 signaling and 
      enhancement of p53 signal transduction. In addition to drug therapy, diet with no 
      hyperglycemic carbohydrates, no milk and dairy products is also beneficial for 
      treatment of acne.
FAU - Cong, Tian-Xin
AU  - Cong TX
AD  - Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue 
      Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
FAU - Hao, Dan
AU  - Hao D
AD  - Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue 
      Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
FAU - Wen, Xiang
AU  - Wen X
AD  - Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue 
      Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
FAU - Li, Xiao-Hua
AU  - Li XH
AD  - Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue 
      Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
FAU - He, Gu
AU  - He G
AD  - State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, 
      Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 
      610041, People's Republic of China.
FAU - Jiang, Xian
AU  - Jiang X
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5109-6055
AD  - Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue 
      Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China. jennyxianj@163.com.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20190311
PL  - Germany
TA  - Arch Dermatol Res
JT  - Archives of dermatological research
JID - 8000462
RN  - 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents)
RN  - 0 (Dermatologic Agents)
RN  - 0 (Dietary Carbohydrates)
SB  - IM
MH  - Acne Vulgaris/etiology/*therapy
MH  - Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology/*therapeutic use
MH  - Dairy Products/adverse effects
MH  - Dermatologic Agents/pharmacology/*therapeutic use
MH  - Dietary Carbohydrates/adverse effects
MH  - Drug Synergism
MH  - Humans
MH  - Propionibacterium acnes/drug effects/immunology/isolation & purification
MH  - Sebaceous Glands/drug effects/immunology/*metabolism
MH  - Sebum/metabolism
MH  - Signal Transduction/drug effects
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Acne
OT  - Androgen
OT  - Comdogenesis
OT  - Cutibacterium acnes
OT  - Inflammation
OT  - Insulin-like growth factor
OT  - Keratinocyte
OT  - Sebocyte
EDAT- 2019/03/13 06:00
MHDA- 2019/12/18 06:00
CRDT- 2019/03/13 06:00
PHST- 2018/08/16 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/03/05 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/03/03 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2019/03/13 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/12/18 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2019/03/13 06:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1007/s00403-019-01908-x [pii]
AID - 10.1007/s00403-019-01908-x [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Arch Dermatol Res. 2019 Jul;311(5):337-349. doi: 10.1007/s00403-019-01908-x. Epub 
      2019 Mar 11.