PMID- 30873052
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20201001
IS  - 1664-0640 (Print)
IS  - 1664-0640 (Electronic)
IS  - 1664-0640 (Linking)
VI  - 10
DP  - 2019
TI  - Early Identification and Intervention of Schizophrenia: Insight From Hypotheses 
      of Glutamate Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress.
PG  - 93
LID - 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00093 [doi]
LID - 93
AB  - Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder which leads to functional 
      deterioration. Early detection and intervention are vital for better prognosis. 
      However, the diagnosis of schizophrenia still depends on clinical observation to 
      date. Without reliable biomarkers, schizophrenia is difficult to detect in its 
      early phase. Further, there is no approved medication for prodromal schizophrenia 
      because current antipsychotics fail to show satisfactory efficacy and safety. 
      Therefore, to develop an effective early diagnostic and therapeutic approach for 
      schizophrenia, especially in its prodromal phase, is crucial. Glutamate signaling 
      dysfunction and dysregulation of oxidative stress have been considered to play 
      important roles in schizophrenic prodrome. The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 
      (NMDAR) is one of three types of ionotropic glutamate receptors. In this article, 
      we reviewed literature regarding NMDAR hypofunction, oxidative stress, and the 
      linkage between both in prodromal schizophrenia. The efficacy of NMDAR enhancers 
      such as D-amino acid oxidase inhibitor was addressed. Finally, we highlighted 
      potential biomarkers related to NMDAR and oxidative stress regulation, and 
      therefore suggested the strategies of early detection and intervention of 
      prodromal schizophrenia. Future larger-scale studies combining biomarkers and 
      novel drug development for early psychosis are warranted.
FAU - Lin, Chieh-Hsin
AU  - Lin CH
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung 
      University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
AD  - School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
AD  - Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 
      Taiwan.
FAU - Lane, Hsien-Yuan
AU  - Lane HY
AD  - Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 
      Taiwan.
AD  - Department of Psychiatry and Brain Disease Research Center, China Medical 
      University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
AD  - Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia 
      University, Taichung, Taiwan.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20190227
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Front Psychiatry
JT  - Frontiers in psychiatry
JID - 101545006
PMC - PMC6400883
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor
OT  - biomarker
OT  - early psychosis
OT  - glutamate
OT  - oxidative stress
OT  - prodrome
OT  - schizophrenia
EDAT- 2019/03/16 06:00
MHDA- 2019/03/16 06:01
PMCR- 2019/02/27
CRDT- 2019/03/16 06:00
PHST- 2018/12/09 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/02/08 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/03/16 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2019/03/16 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/03/16 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2019/02/27 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00093 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Front Psychiatry. 2019 Feb 27;10:93. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00093. eCollection 
      2019.